农村生活污水处理设施优先控制区域识别与监管策略

选取嘉兴市秀洲区和海宁市为研究对象，以乡镇区划为研究单元，采用综合源强估算法和GIS软件，对处理设施的氨氮（NH₃-N）、总磷（TP）、化学需氧量（COD）排放强度进行定量估算和空间分析.结果表明，秀洲区处理设施的NH₃-N和COD排放强度高于海宁市，而TP排放强度与海宁市差不多.秀洲区内，洪合镇各污染物的排放强度均最高；海宁市内，盐官镇NH₃-N排放强度最高，许村镇TP和COD排放强度最高.采用因子分析法和加权指数法计算排污权重，再结合生态敏感性评价和环境功能区划，筛选出运维和监管优先控制区.秀洲区内，洪合镇、王江泾镇、油车港镇被划分为优先控制区，该优先控制区内处理设施数量占比27.87%，排污权重占比72.42%，通过重点监管17.66%的设施，可监管秀洲区59.98%的污染物排放.海宁市内，长安镇、许村镇、海洲街道、盐官镇、袁花镇被划分为优先控制区，该优先控制区内设施数量占比69.10%，排污权重占比71.23%，通过重点监管16.85%的设施，可监管海宁市43.54%的污染物排放.研究结果可为提高设施的运维监管效率提供技术支撑.

Priority control area identification and supervision scheme for rural domestic sewage treatment facilities

Xiuzhou district and Haining county in Jiaxing were chosen as the research objects in the present work,and the emission intensity of ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from rural sewage treatment facilities in each town were quantitatively estimated and spatially analyzed using a comprehensive source intensity estimation method based on global information system (GIS). The results showed that higher emission intensities of NH₃-N and COD were observed in Xiuzhou district, and similar intensity of TP in both areas.And in Xiuzhou district, Honghe town had the highest emission intensities in all the three pollutants. While in Haining county, the highest emission intensity of NH₃-N was fonud in Yanguan town and the highest emission intensities of TP and COD were in Xucun town. Rural sewage discharge weights were calculated via both factor analysis and weighted index methods. The priority zones for maintenance and supervision were then screened out based on the rural sewage discharge weights combining with ecological sensitivity assessment and environmental function zoning. In Xiuzhou district, Honghe, Wangjiangjing and Youchegang were selected as the priority control zones, which accounted for 27.87% of facilities and 72.42% of the pollutants discharge. By supervising 17.66% of all the facilities, 59.98% of the pollutants discharge in this district could be monitored. In Haining county, Changan, Xucun, Haizhou, Yanguan and Yuanhua were chosen as the priority control zones, which accounted for 69.10% of facilities and 71.23% of the total pollutant weight. 43.54% of the pollutants discharge in the country could be monitored by supervising 16.85% of the total facilities. The obtained research results could provide technical support to improve the efficiency of facility operation and maintenance supervision.