基于遥感信息的吕梁山贫困区生态安全评价

本文基于四个时段的遥感影像光谱信息计算了吕梁山连片贫困区的遥感生态指数（RSEI）及植被覆盖度（FVC），分析了其生态环境时空变化规律.结果表明：（1）1993~2018年间研究区FVC整体呈下降趋势，FVC由1993年0.65下降到2018年0.55；而RSEI整体上亦呈下降趋势，由1993年的0.47下降到2018年的0.40.（2）研究区整体生态环境呈退化趋势，其中北部、南部退化最为严重，除黄河沿岸外，其他河道沿线区域的FVC及生态环境退化明显.（3）研究区RSEI值整体偏低且区域差异性显著，其中部地区是生态环境最为脆弱，北部忻州及南部临汾地区近年来生态环境退化尤为显著.（4）FVC变化趋势与RSEI变化趋势基本一致，FVC的增加对生态环境产生积极影响，而经济快速发展带来的道路、建筑用地、农田的增加对生态环境产生消极影响.区域扶贫发展的过程中应注意平衡经济发展与生态环境保护间的关系，避免进一步损害该区脆弱的生态环境.

Evaluation of ecological security in poverty-stricken region of Lüliang Mountain based on the remote sensing image

Based on the spectral information of remote sensing images during four periods, the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) and fractional vegetation cover (FVC) were calculated for the poverty-stricken region of the Lüliang Mountains (PSLM), the temporal and spatial variation of regional ecological environment was subsequently evaluated. The results showed that:(1) The FVC in the research area decreased from 0.65 in 1993 to 0.55 in 2018, and the RSEI decreased from 0.47 in 1993 to 0.40 in 2018. (2) The overall ecological environment of the PSLM showed a trend of degradation during the research period, with the most serious degradation happened in the north and south part of the PSLM. Except for the region of Yellow River valley, all the other river valleys experienced the significant degradation in FVC and ecological environment. (3) The RSEI value in the PSLM region was generally lower and showed substantial spatial variations. The ecological environment in the central part of the study area was the most vulnerable and the part of northern Xinzhou and southern Linfen area was deteriorated particularly significantly. (4) The variation pattern of FVC was generally consistent with that of RSEI. The improvement of FVC has a positive influence on the local ecological environment, while the rapid economic development (increasing in roads, construction land and farmland) has negative impacts on the local ecological environment. In the process of regional poverty alleviation and development, more attention should be paid to balance the needs of regional economic development and ecological environment protection in order to avoid further damage to the fragile regional ecological environment.