基于主成分分析法的黄河口及其邻近水域水质评价

于2013年6、7、10月在黄河口及邻近水域进行了3个航次的环境调查,获取了盐度、营养盐、COD及重金属等指标数据,利用主成分分析法(PCA)研究该海域的水质状况,并分析影响该海域水质的主要驱动因子.结果表明:应用主成分分析将14项调查指标转换提取为4种主成分,共解释了67.31%的结果.相关分析表明,影响该水域水质的主要驱动因子为氮营养盐、盐度、Si O32--Si和砷.主成分综合得分分析表明,黄河口及邻近水域2013年10月、7月、6月水质污染状况依次降低;空间上总体呈现出以黄河入海口为中心,向邻近海域递减,河口附近及南部水域污染较严重的格局.黄河径流污染物是主要污染源,应加强黄河口及其上游的水环境保护,从而改善黄河口及邻近水域水质状况.

An assessment of water quality in the Yellow River estuary and its adjacent waters based on principal component analysis

Three surveys were conducted in the Yellow River estuary and its adjacent waters in June and July October 2013 for collecting the information on the 14 environmental variables including salinity, nutrients, COD and heavy metals. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used for analyzing the collected data and the potential driving variables influencing the water quality were evaluated. Four principal components were extracted from the 14 environmental variables, which explained 67.31% of the total variance in the original data set. Principal component analysis demonstrated that DIN, salinity, SiO32--Si and As were the dominating factors influencing the water quality in the Yellow River estuary and its adjacent waters. The PCA analysis indicated that pollution was more serious in the Yellow River estuary than in its adjacent waters, and the pollution in the southern area was more serious than that in the northern area. The most serious pollution occurred in October, followed by July and June. The Yellow River runoff was the main source of the estuary pollution. Management measures should be taken to protect environments along the Yellow River in order to improve the water quality in the Yellow River estuary and its adjacent waters.