基于污水处理厂运营成本的污水处理费制度分析

通过选取全国东、中、西部227个污水处理厂为样本,估算这些样本的运营成本及其结构,分析其地区差异与执行标准的关系.结果显示样本平均运营成本为1.38元/t,并且通过与污水处理厂所在地的污水处理费征收标准比较,判断当前我国大部分地区征收的污水处理费只覆盖污水处理厂的运行成本,并未覆盖我国城镇污水处理厂的全部运营成本.运用成本收益分析研究污水处理厂运行状况,结果显示227个样本的平均单位污水处理费收入为0.80元/t,平均治理污水的单位收益为3.24元/t,平均单位盈利水平为2.09元/t,政策补贴成为污水处理厂主要收入.进一步探索污水处理费制度的不足,并以此提出我国污水处理费征收标准应基于科学的排放标准下的污水处理厂的运营成本而制定,坚持污染者付费原则和因地制宜原则.

Institutional analysis of sewage treatment charge based on operating cost of sewage treatment plant—an empirical research of 227samples in China

This paper calculated the differences in the regional operating costs using data from 227 sewage treatment plants, covering eastern, central and western regions of China. A thorough comparison of the operating cost structure and the standard of the regional sewage treatment charge-taking into account the treatment plant location, indicate that the sewage treatment charge levied currently only covers the partial cost, not the total whole-of-life cost, that are estimated to be 1.38yuan/t on average. Via cost-benefit analysis, research findings show that average sewage treatment charge of samples is 0.80yuan/t, average income is 3.24yuan/t, average profitability is 2.09yuan/t, most of which does mainly come from the financial subsidies. Furthermore, the paper discusses the insufficiencies of the sewage treatment charge and therefore, proposes that the levy standard of sewage treatment charge should be based on the operating cost of sewage treatment plants under scientific discharge standard, while premised on polluter-pays principle and local conditions.