影响精确界定我国酸雨区空间分布的因素探讨

利用酸雨监测网的实测数据对影响精确界定我国酸雨区空间分布的因素进行了深入分析,结果表明:首要影响因素是酸雨监测网的站点数量及其空间分布,可导致在同一插值与地统计方法下所获得的酸雨区的分布存在较大差异;其次是选择正确、合适的空间插值方法及其相应参数的设置,反距离加权(IDW)插值法的重酸雨区分布比克里格(Kriging)插值法多而广;最后是精确的面积比测算方法,网格法计算的酸雨区面积比小于等值面法.建议我国酸雨监测网建设应优先在西藏、内蒙古北部及西部等地区布点,进行酸雨区空间分析时应采用多种插值方法进行比较与分析评估,确保在现有酸雨监测网的基础上获得精确、可靠的酸雨区空间分布.

Study on the influence factors of accurate definition of the spatial distribution of acid rain area in China

The influential factors of accurate definition of the spatial distribution of acid rain area was analyzed based on the monitoring data of Acid Rain Monitoring Network in China. The results showed that the number and spatial distribution of the sites of Acid Rain Monitoring Network were the primary influence factor, which can cause a great difference to the acid rain distribution by using the same interpolation and geostatistical analysis methodologies. The secondary factor was the selection of a proper spatial interpolation method and corresponding parameter settings. As the result, the distribution size of heavy acid rain area that obtained by using the IDW interpolation was larger and wider than that used the Kriging method. Moreover, a precise calculation method for area ratio was another key factor. The ratio of heavy acid rain area got based on the grid method was smaller than that obtained from the isosurface method. The research suggests that some areas should be given a priority consideration for the establishing of Acid Rain Monitoring Network such as Xizang, north and west of Inner Mongolia. In addition, multiple interpolation method should be applied for the spatial analysis of acid rain area so as to obtain the precise and reliable distribution data.