沈阳市多介质环境铅污染研究

系统研究了沈阳市大气、土壤、灰尘、加杨叶和儿童血铅等多介质环境中Pb的污染特征.结果表明,沈阳市区铅暴露普遍,各环境介质铅污染较严重.铅浓度空间分异大,从市中心到郊区铅污染由重到轻,局部污染十分严重,已经形成4个高浓度中心.儿童血铅有明显的性别差异.大气铅浓度日变化呈双峰型,季节变化是冬>春>秋>夏,年变化呈下降趋势.土壤、灰尘、加杨叶介质中的铅浓度重心相距较近, 且都远离几何中心.儿童血铅与大气铅相关性最大,其次是土壤和灰尘.实行无铅汽油之后,大气铅污染有了很大改善,但是土壤和灰尘中的铅容易以扬尘的方式再次进入大气,成为二次污染源.

Studies on multi-media environment pollution of lead in Shenyang City

Pollution character of lead in the multi-media (atmosphere, soil, dust, plant, children blood) environment was studied systemly in Shenyang City. Lead was exposed widely and each environment medium lead pollution was serious relatively in Shenyang City. The spatial variations of lead concentration was great. It was from heavy to light in lead pollution from down town to suburban areas, and local areas were very heavy with four high concentration centers formed. It was different in gender in the blood lead of children. The Pb concentration daily variation in the atmosphere showed two peaks types: seasonal variation was winter > spring > autumn > summer and yearly variation tended to lowering. The centers of gravity of soil dust and plant were close relatively and far away from the geometrical center. The correlatively of lead in children blood and in atmosphere was the highest; the second was in soil and dust. After practicing non-lead gasoline, the lead pollution in atmosphere was improved greatly; but the lead in the soil and dust was easy to enter again into atmosphere in the form of flying dust and became the source of secondary pollution.