中国电力行业硫、氮、碳协同减排的环境经济路径分析

从电力行业“十一五”期间节能减排工作及其成效来看,现行的以末端治理为主的减排措施很难实现电力行业大气污染物和温室气体的协同减排.本研究构建了大气污染物协同减排当量(APeq)指标,并在此基础上对电力行业技术减排措施和结构减排措施进行成本-效果评价和敏感性分析.结果表明,末端治理措施在削减某一特定污染物的同时,由于耗能增加可导致其它污染物的排放上升;以节能为主的技术减排措施、前端和生产过程控制措施,以及以新发电技术替代为主的结构减排措施可以实现SO2、NOx和CO2的协同减排,且减排潜力较大.此外,本文还在单位(边际)污染减排成本核算与污染减排潜力估算的基础上,绘制出适合中国电力行业的SO2、NOx、CO2和APeq减排路径图,以协助决策者制定适宜的减排规划方案.

An environmental-economic analysis of carbon, sulfur and nitrogen co-reduction path for China's power industry

Reviewing the effectiveness of pollution emission reduction in power industry during the 11th five years period,we could see that end-of-pipe measures had difficulty in achieving co-reduction of air pollutants and GHGs in the industry.Based on co-reduction equivalent index(APeq) of air pollutants built in the study,cost-effectiveness analysis and sensitivity analysis of technological and structural adjustment measures in China’s power industry,with specific focus on SO2,NOx and CO2 co-reduction,are made in the study.The results indicate that the end-of-pipe measures could cut down emission of one single air pollutant,with simultaneous increase of emission of the other two pollutants caused by increase of energy consumption.Technological emission reduction measures which mainly count on energy saving,front-end and in-the-process control,and the structure-adjustment measures characterized as new power generation technology substitutions,could achieve co-reduction of SO2,NOx and CO2 with good potential.In additional,based on cost accounting of unit(marginal) pollutant reduction and potential estimation of pollution reduction,reduction road map of SO2,NOx,CO2 and APeq adapting to China’s power industry could be designed,which will help policy-makers to draw up appropriate emission reduction plan.