云南省曲靖燃煤区人群多环芳烃的日暴露特征研究

2007年12月～2008年1月于我国云南省曲靖燃煤区开展人群多环芳烃(PAHs)的暴露评价研究.采用气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)测定了环境样品中16种PAHs的浓度,对暴露的途径及各种PAHs的来源比例进行了分析,以苯并(a)芘(BaP)致癌当量计算了人群日暴露总量.结果表明,人群日饮食暴露量为0.20μg/d,且与WHO报道的水平相当.日空气暴露量为5.26μg/d,占PAHs日暴露总量的96%,表明空气是当地PAHs暴露的主要来源.用BaP当量剂量评价致癌风险时,BaP从数量比3.08%上升至毒性当量比49.6%,低环PAHs毒性当量所占比例明显下降.当地人群BaP平均日暴露量为5.46μg/d,超过了标准限值3μg/d.PAHs暴露给当地环境和人群健康带来了长期危害.

Characteristic of daily total exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of people living in coal-fired area in Qujing, Yunnan Province

To assess polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) exposure, subjects were selected in the area where local residents burn smoky coals in Qujing, Yunnan province. 16 PAHs concentrations of the samples were determined by GC/MS to study status, characteristic and sources of the PAHs. Daily total exposure of local people was analyzed using benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) toxic equivalence factor. Daily intake through food was 0.20μg/d, which was in the range of the data reported by WHO. Daily intake through air was 5.26μg/d, which contributed 96% of the their daily PAHs exposure. Inhalation was the main intake of PAHs. The proportion of the high molecular weight PAHs increased from 3.08% to 49.6% using toxic equivalence factor to assess the carcinogenic risk, while low molecular weight PAHs exhibited much lower toxicity decreased. The daily total exposure to BaP was 5.46μg/d, which was exceeded the limited value 3μg/d. PAHs exposure posed long-term threat to the environment and health of residents.