大气细颗粒物控制对我国城市居民期望寿命的影响

收集我国2013年74个环保重点城市的细颗粒物(PM2.5)浓度.采用《全球疾病负担2010》提供的PM2.5与4种主要疾病死亡率的暴露反应关系系数,构建74个城市的城区居民寿命表,评估PM2.5造成的期望寿命损失和不同PM2.5控制目标对居民期望寿命的影响.结果显示,2013年我国74个城市的PM2.5污染可使居民期望寿命减少1.48岁;如果PM2.5年均水平降低10%、25%,可分别使期望寿命增加0.05岁和0.15岁;若进一步降低,达到国二标准、国一标准和世界卫生组织的空气质量指导值水平,可使期望寿命分别增加0.42岁、1.04岁和1.26岁.本研究提示,大气PM2.5污染是决定我国城市居民期望寿命的重要因素,降低PM2.5浓度可显著增加居民的期望寿命.

Impacts of controlling ambient fine particulate pollution on life expectancy among Chinese urban residents

The PM2.5-related loss on life expectancy in 2013 in 74 key Chinese cities was evaluated based on the annual average PM2.5 concentration, exposure-response relationship coefficients of PM2.5, mortality due to 4 main diseases from “Global Burden of Disease 2010”, and the life table of urban permanent residents. Pollution caused by PM2.5 could attribute to a decrease in 1.48 years in life expecteny. Increases of 0.42, 1.04 and 1.26 years in life expectancy comparing with the 2013 level were estimated if the PM2.5 level was decreased to the second level of national air quality standard, the first level of national air quality standard and the Air Quality Guidelines formulated by World Health Organization, respectively. This study suggested that ambient PM2.5 pollution was an important determinant of the life expectancy of Chinese urban residents, and reducing PM2.5 could improve the life expectancy.