北京市春节期间大气污染分析

分析了北京市鞭炮燃放禁改限前禁放区和非禁放区除夕夜大气污染变化规律的明显差异,以及禁改限后,以上区域大气污染变化的趋同特点.同时评估了2000～2006年春节期间空气污染状况.结果表明,大量鞭炮的集中燃放造成了大气短时严重污染,但随鞭炮燃放的减少,污染状况迅速改善.燃放鞭炮对不同大气污染物的影响存在差异,PM₁₀污染最严重;SO₂、Nox浓度也有明显升高;CO则存在一定滞后,甚至没有明显响应.禁改限前非禁放区内存在明显的燃放污染高峰,禁放区则未出现.鞭炮燃放对大气颗粒物细粒子影响最显着,对粗粒子特别是粒径10～20μm之间的颗粒物影响不大.春节期间工业及交通污染排放的减少,导致空气质量好转,2000～2006年正月初一～正月十五PM₁₀浓度比冬季均值(12月～2月)低16%,比年均浓度低20%,但受一定气象条件影响.

Analysis of atmospheric air pollution of Beijing City in Spring Festival period

The obvious difference of air pollution change rule in new year eve night of forbidden and not forbidden zones before the forbidden limit of cracker firing; and the change character after the limit were in these zones; meanwhile, the air pollution state in 2000~2006 spring festival period was evaluated. The concentrated firing of a large amount of cracker created serious air pollution at short time; but the pollution state was improved rapidly with less cracker firing. There existed different influence of cracker firing on different air pollutant. PM10 pollution was the most serious; the concentrations of SO2, NOx was also enhanced obviously; while existed definite stagnant of CO, even without obvious response. Obvious firing pollution top peak existed in not forbidden zone before the forbidden limit; while not appeared in forbidden zone. Besides, the influence of cracker firing on the small particles of air was most remarked; and not great on the crude particles, specially the particles of 10~20mm diameter. The decrease of industrial and vehicular transportation pollution discharge during the Spring Festival period caused the improvement in air quality. In January 1st~15th of Chinese calendar, 2000~2006, PM10 concentration was 16% and 20% lower than the wintertime and annual averages, which was influenced by meteorological condition.