尿素废水生物处理技术原理与工艺研究进展

尿素废水的处理是当前亟需解决的难题，其中生物处理法因具有工艺流程短，成本低，抗冲击负荷，不产生二次污染等优点，在尿素废水的处理中备受青睐.本文基于尿素生物水解法原理，从机理上深入分析了脲酶的发展历程，酶学结构与水解机制，并对传统生物尿素脱氮法的应用进行了系统梳理.此外，为了更好地理解厌氧氨氧化菌降解尿素的潜能及在实际工程中的应用，本文分别从微生物学和工程应用的角度总结了相关研究结果.最后提出了尿素废水生物处理研究的建议与展望，以期为实际工程应用提供有力的理论基础和技术支持.

Principle and application of urea wastewater biological treatment technology

The treatment of urea wastewater has become an urgent problem. Biological treatment is a popular method in dealing with urea wastewater due to the advantages of short process flow, low cost, anti-shock load and no secondary pollution etc. In this review, based on the principle of urea bio-hydrolysis, the development process, enzymatic structure and hydrolysis mechanism of urease were analyzed in depth from the mechanism, and the application of traditional biological urea denitrification method was systematically reviewed. In addition, in order to better understand the potential of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria to degrade urea and its application in practical engineering, this paper summarized the relevant research results from the perspectives of microbiology and engineering application. Finally, the Suggestions and prospects of the research on biological treatment of urea wastewater are put forward in order to provide a strong theoretical basis and technical support for practical engineering application.