2016~2018年中国城市臭氧浓度时空聚集变化规律

为揭示中国O₃浓度的时空格局及聚集变化规律，通过对2016~2018年全国338个城市1144个监测站点的O₃浓度观测数据，使用空间插值及空间自相关等方法进行分析研究.结果表明：2016~2018年全国O₃浓度（第90百分位数）总体呈现上升趋势（由2016年的141.54μg/m³上升到2018年的153.21μg/m³），污染态势逐年加重，且华北及长江中下游等人口稠密地区O₃浓度最高，O₃浓度的空间分布呈现显著的聚集性和相似性规律，且聚集性逐年增强，O₃浓度的年聚集区主要呈现北高南低的分异，高高值聚集区主要集中在北方（城市占比22.19%~29.59%），低低值聚集区则主要集中在南方（城市占比15.98%~22.19%），此外，O₃浓度高高值聚集区与低低值聚集区空间分布的季节变化规律以顺时针周期性变化为主：3a来，春季集聚区分布与年集聚情况相同，夏季高高值，低低值聚集区逐渐向西扩大聚集范围，秋季则顺时针转变为东高西低的分异情况，随后高高值（低低值）聚集区沿顺时针方向南（北）移动，到冬季则转变为南高北低的空间分异情况.

The spatio-temporal aggregation pattern of ozone concentration in China from 2016 to 2018

In order to reveal the spatio-temporal aggregation pattern of O₃, the observation data of O₃ concentration from 1144 monitoring stations in 338 cities of China was analyzed by using spatial interpolation and spatial self-correlation during 2016 to 2018. The results indicated an overall upward trend of O₃ concentration (90 percentile) in China (from 141.54µg/m³ in 2016 to 153.21µg/m³ in 2018). The O₃ concentration was the highest in densely populated areas such as North China, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The spatial distribution of O₃ concentration showed a significant clustering pattern and similarity characteristic. And the clustering and similarity characteristic increased from 2016 to 2018. There was a differentiation from the north to the south of the annual cluster zones, which was presented in the form of the high-value cluster zones in the north while the low-value ones in the south. The high-value cluster zones were located in North China (22.19%~29.59%), while the low-value zones were located in South China (15.98%~22.19%). In addition, seasonally, the cluster pattern of high-value and low-value zones of O₃ concentration showed an evidently periodical clockwise variation. Over the three years, the spring cluster zones were identical to the annual ones. In summer, both high-value zones and low-value zones had gradually expanded towards the west. While in autumn, the cluster pattern differentiated from the east to the west changed by a clockwise-shift, after which the high-value zones (the low-value zones) move toward south (north) gradually by a clockwise-shift. In winter, the cluster zones differentiated from the north to the south, in the pattern of the high-value cluster zones in the south while the low-value ones in the north.