西安市大气中多溴联苯醚的季节变化特征及人体暴露评估

利用大流量主动采样器于2008年8月至2009年7月采集了西安城区气态和颗粒态大气样品,研究了大气中多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的季节变化特征.结果表明,西安大气中总PBDEs(气相+颗粒相)浓度范围为21.38~161.84pg/m3,平均值为66.34pg/m3.大气中PBDEs在冬季污染最严重,颗粒相PBDEs季节变化趋势与总悬浮颗粒(TSP)较为相似,气相PBDEs的季节变化没有颗粒相明显.对PBDEs的总浓度、气相浓度、颗粒相浓度与采样期间气象因素做偏相关分析,发现总浓度和颗粒相浓度均与气压呈显著正相关,与温度呈显著负相关,表明西安大气中PBDEs浓度主要受气压和温度的影响.对西安普通人群的PBDEs吸入暴露量进行计算,并采用BDE-99的吸入量进行人体暴露评估,西安普通儿童和成人对BDE-99总摄入量低于De Winter-Sorkina提出的最大允许摄入量260pg/(kg·d).

Seasonal variations and human exposure assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in air of Xi’an

A high volume active air sampler was used to collect gaseous and particulate phase air samples in Xi’an from August 2008 to July 2009 to study the seasonal variations of atmospheric polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The total concentration of PBDEs (gas plus particle phase) ranged from 21.38 to 161.84pg/m3, with an average of 66.34 pg/m3. The highest concentrations of atmospheric PBDEs were measured in winter, seasonal trends of PBDEs in particulate phase was similar to total suspended particulate(TSP), but PBDEs in gaseous phase had no significant seasonal variation. Partial correlation analysis showed that the total concentration and particle phase concentration of PBDEs positively correlated with air pressure, and negatively correlated with temperature. This indicates the atmospheric PBDEs concentration was mainly influenced by air pressure and temperature in Xi’an. The general population’s inhalation exposure of PBDEs was calculated referencing BDE-99 inhalation human exposure assessment. The total intake of BDE-99 in normal children and adults in Xi’an was lower than the maximum allowable intake of 260 pg/(kg·d) proposed by De Winter-Sorkina.