基于生态服务价值的上海土地利用变化影响评价

基于Costanza的生态系统服务单价和我国国情,评估了上海中心城区1947~2006年土地利用变化对区域生态系统服务功能的影响.研究表明,60年间生态系统服务功能总体下降了87.96%,可分为缓慢减少、剧烈减少、趋缓减少和缓慢上升4个阶段,各阶段生态系统服务价值年均变化分别为-278.90×104,-2451.60×104,-88.89×104,36.66×104元/a.17类生态系统服务功能中,土壤侵蚀控制、栖息地、文化功能和扰动调节功能呈正增长,其中20年来绿地面积和绿化覆盖率持续增加是侵蚀控制功能和栖息地功能显著增加的主要原因.60年来水域面积大量减少使得水分调节和水供应功能的降幅巨大,两者对中心城区生态系统服务功能减少的贡献率为63.74%和24.33%.水域、耕地、绿地、城市住宅和公共建筑用地的生态系统服务功能变化,对中心城区生态系统服务功能减少的贡献率为99.57%,5.09%,-4.09%,-0.34%, -0.22%.除水域和耕地的生态系统服务功能显著下降外,其余均有上升,其中绿地的生态系统服务价值增幅最大,年增长率为19.45%.

Impact assessment of land use change in center district of Shanghai based on ecosystem services value

Based on Costanza’s unit ecosystem services value (ESV) and specific situation of China, the variation of ecosystem services (ES) caused by land use change was assessed in center district of Shanghai from 1947 to 2006. The total ESV decreased 87.96% from 1947 to 2006. The changing process of ESV could be divided into gradual decreased period, rapid decreased period, slowing decreased period and gradual increased period. In the four periods, the variations of ESV were -278.90×104,-2451.60×104, -88.89×104 and 36.66×104 yuan/a, respectively. Except 4 categories: erosion control and sediment retention, refugia, cultural, and disturbance regulation, the ESV of the other 13 categories were all decreased. In the recent 20 years, the rapid increases of green open space area and cover rate were the major reasons which induced the ESV of refugia, erosion control and sediment retention increased greatly. Because of the water area disappeared continuously, the ESV of water regulation and water supply decreased mostly among the 13 decreased categories of ecosystem services, and the contribution rates of the 2 categories to the total ESV variation were 63.74% and 24.33%, respectively. The ESV of green open space, residential district and public building were increased besides of water. The ESV of green open space increased most quickly with a 19.45% annual growth rate among all land use types. The contribution rates of water, cultivated land, green open space, residential district and public building to the variation of total ESV in center district were 99.57%, 5.09%, -4.09%, -0.34% and -0.22%, respectively.