区域地下水环境演化的分子生物学特征——以太行山前平原浅层水为例

以太行山前平原大沙河流域的典型区域浅层地下水为研究对象，沿岸布点采集样本94组，采用基于16S rRNA基因的高通量测序技术，以硝酸盐、溶解氧、化学需氧量为环境因子，分析指示环境因子演化的微生物群落结构特征及功能性指示菌属.结果显示：采用累积概率分布法将样品分为背景（B）、硝酸盐污染（N）、有机污染（O）、有机硝酸盐复合污染（O_N）4组，该分类与地下水质量标准的I类、Ⅱ类水分类相近；污染使种群结构趋于一致，且有机污染可使微生物群落丰富度降低；不同污染类型导致环境演化的功能性指示菌属分别为：Micromonospora和unclassified_f_Micromonosporaceae指示有机污染，Chryseobacterium和Streptomyces指示硝酸盐污染，Pseudomonas和Microvirgula指示硝酸盐和有机复合污染.以上构建的分子生物学方法可为区域环境调查及微生物修复提供理论依据.

The environmental evolution research of regional groundwater using molecular biotechnologies: a case from the shallow groundwater in front of the Taihang Mountains

The shallow groundwater in Dasha Rivers Basin was selected as the study subject, because of it is recognized as one of the typical regions in front of the Taihang Mountains. 94samples were collected along the river. The 16s rDNA gene sequences were tested by high-throughput sequencing technologies. According to the environmental factors of NO₃^-, COD and DO, the microbial communities and the functional indicator microorganisms related to environmental evolution were studied. The results showed that, using the cumulative probability distribution method, the samples were divided into four groups:background, nitrate pollution, organic pollution and organic-nitrate pollution (B group, N group, O group, O_N group). This grouping rules were close to the I and Ⅱ water grade in the quality standard of groundwater. The pollution driven the microbial communities to converge, and the organic pollution could decrease the richness diversity of microbial communities. The functional indicator microorganisms related to environmental evolution in the different pollution region were summarized as followed:organic pollution could be indicated by Micromonospora and unclassified_f_Micromonosporaceae, nitrate pollution could be indicated by Chryseobacterium and Streptomyces, organic-nitrate pollution could be indicated by Pseudomonas and Microvirgula. The molecular biotechnologies and analysis methods used in this research could provide the theoretical evidence for region environmental investigations and bioremediation.