中国海洋微塑料污染现状与防治建议

微塑料作为一类新型的塑料污染物，广泛存在于全球海洋环境中，已经成为国际社会普遍关注的热点环境问题，管理不善的废物是海洋污染的重要来源.本文简要分析了全球塑料垃圾和微塑料污染形势以及微塑料的来源，探讨了巴塞尔公约所涉及塑料废物附件修订的最新进展，同时总结分析了我国沿海、河口以及内陆水域微塑料的粒径大小、含量、分布和来源.提出未来应建立健全我国塑料和微塑料管理体系，加强对重点行业向海洋中排放塑料和微塑料的研究和监管，建立微塑料对海洋生态系统影响的风险评价体系、加强宣传和教育、积极参与国际环境公约履约谈判以推动全球治理

Current situation of marine microplastics pollution and prevention proposals in China

Microplastics, as a novel type of plastic contaminant, widely exist in the global marine environment, and have become a hot environmental issue in the international community. Poorly managed waste is an important source of marine pollution. In this paper, the pollution situation of plastic waste and microplastics in the world and the sources of micro-plastics are briefly analyzed. And the latest progress in the revision of annexes to plastic waste covered by the Basel Convention was discussed. Meanwhile, the size, abundance, distribution and sources of microplastics in coastal, estuary and inland waters of China were summarized and analyzed. It was proposed that the management system of plastics and microplastics in China should be established and improved in the future, research and supervision on the discharge of plastics and microplastics from key industries into the ocean should be strengthened, a risk assessment system for the impact of microplastics on marine ecosystems should be established, publicity and education should be strengthened, and actively participate in the negotiations on the implementation of international environmental conventions to promote global governance.