北京城区可吸入颗粒物(PM10的矿物学研究

 使用X射线衍射技术(XRD)和扫描电镜技术(SEM/EDX)对北京PM10中的矿物组分进行了分析.结果表明,北京PM₁₀中的矿物组分存在明显的季节变化规律,春季PM₁₀中的矿物组成种类最多;秋季PM10中的矿物种类最少;在夏季PM₁₀中,矿物的种类有所减少,却有新的物种出现,如NH₄Cl、K(NH₄)Ca(SO4)₂?H₂O、As₂O₃SO₃等.粘土矿物是北京PM₁₀中含量最高的矿物,石英的含量次之,其他依次为方解石、石膏、长石、白云石以及其他矿物颗粒;北京PM₁₀中还存在一定数量的复合颗粒,颗粒表面常有S、Cl元素的存在.

Compared analysis of element content in atmospheric PM2.5 in Nanjing urban and suburban area

The atmospheric fine particle (PM2.5) samples were collected from December 2002 to October 2003 in Nanjing urban and suburban areas respectively. The contents of 17 kinds of chemical elements were obtained with analysis using the XRF-9800 fluorescent analysis instrument. The elements in Nanjing atmospheric PM2.5 might be classified into two great kinds of the types of earth crust and pollution elements mainly. Studies the fractions of volume and mass and enrichment coefficients of different elements in PM2.5 discovered that in Nanjing the superstandard rate of PM2.5 was high, reaching 100%, exceeding the standard 0.62~1.83 times, in which 3 kinds of pollution elements S, Pb and Zn enriched markedly, with S element the most obvious and average enrichment coefficient reaching 6059.1 in the urban area of Nanjing, and 1120.2 in the suburban area, showing that the atmospheric air pollution in Nanjing was characterized by the SOx of coal smoke type.