深圳简易垃圾填埋场水土环境污染指标识别

基于现场踏勘、人员访谈和资料收集，采用内梅罗指数法对深圳市现存24座简易垃圾填埋场土壤和地下水环境质量进行了评价，对其特征污染指标进行了识别，结果表明，土壤超标污染指标5种，包括镉和砷2种中度污染指标，污染指数分别为2.970和2.141，钒、镍和铅3种轻度污染指标，污染指数在1.348~1.777之间；地下水超标污染指标22种，包括总大肠菌群、氨氮、锰、铁、铅、铝、高锰酸盐指数、铊、总溶解性固体、碘化物、镍、硫酸盐和铍13种重度污染指标，污染指数在3.860~832.581之间，砷、总硬度、硝酸盐、氟化物、氯化物和硒6种中度污染指标，污染指数在2.039~2.993之间，锑、钠和汞3种轻度污染指标，污染指数在1.084~1.147之间.地下水污染程度远比土壤污染严重.深圳市简易垃圾填埋场土壤特征污染物为氟化物、砷、镍、铅、钒和镉，共6种；地下水特征污染指标为总硬度、溶解性总固体、硫酸盐、氯化物、氟化物、硝酸盐、氨氮、铁、锰、砷、铅、镍、铝、铊、高锰酸盐指数和总大肠菌群，共16种.氟化物、铅、镍、铊和铝5种污染物呈现了典型地区特征.本研究结果可为深圳市简易垃圾填埋场环境质量管理提供数据支撑.

Pollutant identification of water and soil of uncontrolled landfills in Shenzhen

Based on on-site investigations, personnel interviews and data collections, characteristic pollutants of 24 uncontrolled landfills in Shenzhen were identified, of which the soil and groundwater quality was evaluated by Nemerow index method. The assessment results of soil and groundwater environmental quality showed that:5 pollutants exceeded the standard in soil, including 2moderate pollutants of cadmium and arsenic, of which pollution indexes were 2.970 and 2.141 respectively, and 3 light pollutants of vanadium, nickel and lead, of which pollution indexes were between 1.348 and 1.777; and 22 pollutants exceeded the standard in groundwater, including 13 heavy pollutants of coliform, ammonia nitrogen, manganese, iron, lead, aluminum, permanganate index, thallium, total dissolved solids, iodide, nickel, sulfate and beryllium, of which pollution indexes were between 3.860 and 832.581, 6 moderate pollutants of arsenic, total hardness, nitrate, fluoride, chloride and selenium, of which pollution indexes were between 2.039 and 2.993, and 3 light pollutants of antimony, sodium and mercury, of which pollution indexes were between 1.804 and 1.147. Groundwater pollution was far more serious than soil pollution. The characteristic pollutants of the uncontrolled landfills in soil were 6pollutants of fluoride, arsenic, nickel, lead, vanadium and cadmium, and those in groundwater were 16 pollutants of total hardness, total dissolved solids, sulfate, chloride, and fluoride, nitrate, ammonia nitrogen, iron, manganese, arsenic, lead, nickel, aluminum, thallium, permanganate index and total coliform. 5 pollutants of fluoride, lead, nickel, thallium and aluminum showed typical regional characteristics. The results of this study can provide data support for the encironment quality management of the uncontrolled landfills in Shenzhen.