华北四城市生活污水中农药残留及健康风险

分析了华北地区北京、太原、呼和浩特和石家庄4个城市生活污水中的21种农药浓度，计算了污水中的农药残留量，结合蔬果加工因子和蔬果消费量，近似推算城市蔬果上的农药残留量，评价农药残留的健康风险.结果显示，4个城市的生活污水中，石家庄21种农药的综合千人均残留量最高，为454.89mg/（千人·d），呼和浩特最低，为63.69mg/（千人·d）.所检测的21种农药中，多菌灵的残留浓度相对较高，为224.22~1328.07ng/L，千人均残留量为49.98~424.98mg/（千人·d），多菌灵在4个城市的农药残留中占比均最高，为51.35%（北京）~93.43%（石家庄），其他占比较高的农药包括吡虫啉和氯虫苯甲酰胺，这体现出华北地区蔬果农药使用具有相似的结构特征.根据生活污水中的农药残留推算蔬果农药残留量，石家庄多菌灵的蔬果残留量最高，为5.04mg/kg.北京吡虫啉和氯虫苯甲酰胺的蔬果残留量也相对较高.通过日均潜在摄入量与每日允许摄入量比较，这些农药残留的长期健康风险相对较低.

Health risk assessment of pesticide residues in urban wastewater in four cities of North China

Wastewater samples were collected from wastewater treatment plants in Beijing, Taiyuan, Hohhot and Shijiazhuang, and the concentrations of 21pesticides were analyzed. The total and average mass of pesticide residues in wastewater were calculated. According to consumption of vegetable and fruit and related processing factors, the pesticide residues on vegetables and fruits were estimated, and corresponding health risk was further evaluated. The residue level per thousand inhabitants was highest in Shijiazhuang (454.89mg/thousand inhabitants/d), and Hohhot had the lowest level (63.70mg/thousand inhabitants/d). Among the tested pesticides, the concentration of carbendazim was relatively high, 224.22~1328.07ng/L, and the residue level per thousand was 49.98~424.98mg/thousand inhabitants/d. Carbendazim accounted for the highest proportion of pesticide residues in the four cities, 51.35% (Beijing)~93.43% (Shijiazhuang). Other pesticides with high proportion include imidacloprid and chlorantraniliprole, which showed a similar usage behavior of pesticide in vegetables and fruits in the region. The pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits are calculated based on the tested values in wastewater. The residue of carbendazim in vegetables and fruits in Shijiazhuang was 5.04mg/kg. By comparing the estimated potential daily intake with the daily allowable intake, the long-term health risk of these pesticide residues was relatively low.