新烟碱类杀虫剂污染特征及其毒性效应

综述了新烟碱类杀虫剂在土壤、水体和大气中的赋存现状及其对无脊椎动物、脊椎动物和人类的毒性效应.新烟碱类杀虫剂普遍存在于多介质环境中,特别在农业种植区具有较高的残留浓度.新烟碱类杀虫剂对非靶标动物的影响主要表现在氧化应激、抑制活动能力、损伤DNA和生育功能;亦会对人类的生育、生殖、神经以及脏器功能带来风险.因此,今后亟需系统研究新烟碱类杀虫剂在多环境介质中的赋存及污染状况,深入探讨新烟碱类杀虫剂对非靶标生物的健康危害,以便全面了解此类杀虫剂对生态环境及非靶标生物造成的潜在风险.

Pollution characteristics and toxic effects of neonicotinoid insecticides

This paper reviewed the occurrence status of neonicotinoid insecticides in soil, water and atmosphere and their toxic effects on invertebrates, vertebrates, and humans. Neonicotinoids commonly exist in multi-media environments, especially in the agricultural planting areas with high residual concentrations. The effects of neonicotinoids on non-target organisms were mainly manifested in oxidative stress, inhibition of activity, damage to DNA and reproductive function, while they also posed risks to human fertility, reproduction, nerves, and organ functions. Therefore, it is urgent to systematically study the occurrence and pollution of neonicotinoid insecticides in multi-environmental media and explore their health effects on non-target organisms, which could help to fully understand the potential risks of these insecticides on the ecological environment and non-target organisms in the future.