基于AIS数据的渤海湾地区海运排放测算

将船舶活动状态分为港口邻近区域的机动操纵工况和停泊工况以及海上航路的定速巡航工况;采用基于船舶活动的方法,建立了区域性海运排放测算模型.根据中国船级社船舶数据库,确定了不同类型船舶主、副机标定功率和设计航速与船舶总吨之间的关系;通过对船舶自动识别系统(AIS)船舶流量轨迹图的统计分析,得到了2014年渤海湾地区船舶流量数据;基于所确定的模型参数,计算得到了渤海湾地区海运排放清单.结果表明,2014年渤海湾地区海运NO_x、CO、HC、CO₂、SO₂和PM排放量分别为173808、14436、6144、7208919、120748和15292t;货船、危险品船和客船对海运排放的贡献占比分别约为73%、21%和6%;海上航路定速巡航工况对海运排放的贡献占比约为90%;其中,成山头至老铁山水道和老铁山水道至渤海中部航路排放之和约占海上航路排放的50%;天津港和大连港分别约占港口邻近区域排放的30%和20%.基于AIS统计数据的自下而上方法对区域性海运排放的测算具有可操作性.

AIS data-based estimation of emissions from sea-going ships in Bohai Sea areas

The ship's operations were classified as maneuvering mode and hotelling mode in near port areas and normal cruising mode at sea routes. A ship activity-based approach was employed and a model which was used to calculate the exhaust emissions from sea-going ships was established. Based on ship database of China Classification Society, the relationships of main engine rated power, auxiliary engine rated power and ship design speed against ship gross tonnage for different kinds of sea-going ships were developed. Ship traffic in Bohai Sea areas was obtained based on AIS (automatic identification system) statistical data. Finally, the exhaust emissions inventory of sea-going ships in Bohai Sea areas was obtained. The results show that the emissions of NO_x, CO, HC, CO₂, SO₂ and PM from sea-going ships in Bohai Sea areas in 2014 were 173808, 14436, 6144, 7208919, 120748 and 15292 tons respectively. The contributions of exhaust emissions from cargo ships, dangerous goods carriers and passenger ships were about 73%, 21% and 6% respectively. Normal cruising mode at sea routes contributed approximately 90% of exhaust emissions. Chengshantou-Laotieshan route and Laotieshan-Central Bohai Sea route contributed approximately 50% of exhaust emissions at sea routes totally. Tianjin port and Dalian port contributed approximately 30% and 20% of exhaust emissions in near port areas respectively. The AIS data-based bottom-up method was applicable to estimate the regional emissions from sea-going ships.