中国农业和农村污染的清单分析与空间特征识别

利用清单分析方法计算了中国337个地级市(不包括香港、澳门和台湾)的农业和农村污染CODCr,总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的产生量、排放量和排放强度,分析了其空间分布特征.结果表明,2003年中国农业和农村污染CODCr,TN和TP的产生量分别为66317,5312,1294万t,排放量分别为404.2,547.7,66.1万t,排放强度分别为10.0,13.6,1.6kg/hm².农业生产发展是造成区域环境压力的主要原因,畜禽养殖污染和化肥应成为农业和农村污染控制的重点;农村生活污染对COD_Cr,TN和TP的贡献较小,且其污染会随着城市化和农村基础设施的改善减少.长江三角洲地区和东南沿海地区是中国农业和农村污染的主要高强区,应通过提高资源利用效率对该地区进行重点控制.

Inventory analysis and spatial distribution of Chinese agricultural and rural pollution

By applying an inventory analysis approach,the total quantities of potential pollution and emission and emission density of chemical oxygen demand(CODCr),total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP)from agricultural and rural sources in 337 prefectures(without consideration of Hongkong,Macao and Taiwan)over China were calculated.In 2003,the national potential pollution quantities of CODCr,TN and TP were 663.17,53.12,12.94 million tons,respectively;and emission quantities were 4.04,5.48,0.66 million tons,respectively;and emission intensity were 10.0,13.6,1.6kg/ha2,respectively.Agriculture practices pressured dominant negative influences on local environment,while rural household sources made a slight contribution.Livestock production and chemical fertilizer had priorities for agricultural and rural pollution control.Since the highest pollution emission intensity emerged in Yangtze Delta and Southeast China Coastal areas,they should become the prior regions for China's agricultural and rural pollution control.