环境管理的经济手段分析

环境管理中占主导地位的是直接管制手段，直接管制手段就是政府行政管理机构以指令控制的方式向污染排放者下达法令或提出具体的标准。直接管制在环境管理中取得了很好的成绩。但在环境和经济的协调效率上还不够灵活有效，显示出相当的局限性。阐述了排污收费,使用费，产品费,排污权交易、环境税收等常用的经济手段，并进行了比较分析。

An Analysis of Economic Instruments for Environmental Management

Direct regulating is a usual way in the environmental management. To realize direct regulating, governments issue regulations and detailed standards. Although the direct regulating has made great achievements on environmental management, however, it shows its inflexibility and limitation on environmental management. It is necessary to introduce economic instruments into environment management such as some ones in common use including discharge fee, using fee, product fee, discharge permit trade, environmental tax, and etc.