我国生物多样性保护体制及其改进建议

在对我国生物多样性保护的政策和体制进行详细阐述的基础上分析其中存在的主要问题,提出改进建议.首先分析了生物多样性保护的实质,认为所谓生物多样性保护就是通过有意识地限制和调节人类活动对生物的干扰破坏,使地球上的生物多样性得以保持和恢复.因此,在本质上,生物多样性保护就是要协调人与自然之间业已失衡的关系,其目标在于实现人与自然之间的和谐和可持续发展.其后,讨论了我国生物多样性保护面临的主要挑战,指出巨大的人口压力和剧烈的人类活动是造成生物多样性破坏的主要原因.特别针对保护体制中的多部门管理和协调机制、中央和地方政府的责任和义务、保护区设立和管理以及国际合作等方面进行了分析,指出了在多头管理的体制下,各部门职责、权利和资源分配不明确、不匹配,保护区管理中重减轻管、事企合一等问题.最后,提出了相应的政策建议.

China's Biodiversity Governance and Policy Recommendations

We documented the major policies and laws related to biodiversity conservation,and described the institutions on policy-making and management for biodiversity conservation.The paper started off with discussion on the nature of biodiversity conservation,regarded it as targeted regulation of human disturbances in order to maintain and restore the richness of life.The goal of biodiversity conservation is to achieve a harmonious and sustainable relationship between man and nature.The papers identified the changes facing biodiversity conservation in China,pointed out the ever-increasing population pressure and human activities as the main sources of threat.We emphasized on such governance issues as multi-agency jurisdiction and inter-agency coordination,central-local relationship,property right in establishment of nature reserves,and conservation financing.It is concluded that unclear division of responsibility and rights,as well as irreasonable allocation of resources among multiple agencies mandated for biodiversity conservation is a major problem in the institutional setting,that forcing nature reserves to exploit rather than conserve their resource and lack of capacity in management of nature reserves hinders the conservation function of the nature reserves.Policy recommendations are made to address the governance problems.