环渤海潮间带秋季大型底栖动物生态学研究

对2008年9月在环渤海11个潮间带进行生态调查所获得的30个生物样品，以及对现场测定的温度，pH和ρ(DO)与沉积物样品分析的基础上，阐述了环渤海潮间带大型底栖动物群落的结构特点，并进一步分析了大型底栖动物与环境因子的关系. 调查共发现大型底栖动物76种，其中多毛类动物25种，软体动物24种，甲壳动物19种，其他类动物8种. 大型底栖动物的栖息密度和生物量分别为(367.40±187.30)m-2与(100.90±56.40)g/m2. 数据分析显示，环渤海潮间带大型底栖动物群落的优势种不明显，优势度大于1%的仅有4种，分别为托氏昌螺、四角蛤蜊、哈氏美人虾和中华近方蟹. 物种多样性指数则以位于渤海口的莱州湾最高，为1.909. 11个采样区域的大型底栖动物群落结构相似性总体较低，相似系数约为20%. 相关分析表明，大型底栖动物的种类数量、栖息密度和生物量与底质类型显著相关，而与温度，pH和ρ(DO)无明显的对应关系. 与历史资料相比，过去的30 a，环渤海潮间带大型底栖动物的种类数量因周围生存环境的变化以及污染等因素的影响而明显减少. 

Ecological Studies on the Macrobenthos Community in the Intertidal Zones of Bohai Sea in Autumn

Based on analysis of sediment samples and 30 biological samples collected from 11 intertidal zones in September 2008 around Bohai Sea,as well as temperature,pH and ρ(DO) measured on-site,the characteristics of the macrobenthic community and their relationship to environmental factors were studied.Seventy-six macrobenthic species were identified in the research region,including 25 species of polychaeta,24 of mollusca,19 of crustacean and 8 in other phyla.The density of the macrobenthos in this area was(367.40±187.30) m-2,and their biomass was(100.90±56.40) g/m2.Data analysis showed that there was no obvious dominant species in this community,and only four species had a dominant value over 0.01: Umbonium thomasi(Crosse,1863),Mactra veneriformis(Reeve,1854),Callianassa harmandi(Bouvier,1901) and Hemigrapsus sinensis(Rathbun,1929).The Shannon-Wiener index in Laizhou,which is in the mouth of the Bohai Sea,was 1.909,which was the highest in all the sample areas.The similarity of the macrobenthic community structures in the 11 sample areas was low,with a similarity of about 20%.CCA analysis showed that the species number,density and biomass of macrobenthos in the study area were significantly related to substrate types,but not to temperature,pH or ρ(DO).Compared with historical records of these regions,the species number of macrobenthos in the intertidal zones around Bohai Sea declined sharply over the past 30 years due to various factors including the change of the area’s survival environment,pollution and more.