基于总物流分析的我国钢铁工业生态效率分析

近年来我国钢铁产量快速增长且钢铁工业规模庞大,因此有必要对我国钢铁工业的生态效率进行研究. 采用总物流分析方法对我国钢铁系统的总物流进行分析,得到了钢铁系统的总物流分析指标；对1995—2011年我国钢铁工业的生态效率(包括资源效率、能源效率、脱钩指数等)进行了分析. 结果表明:2004年资源效率(粗钢产量与铁矿原矿消耗的比值)和资源经济效率(钢铁工业增加值与铁矿原矿消耗的比值)均达到最大值,二者分别为0.54 t/t和827.66元/t；2011年能源效率(粗钢产量与钢铁工业能耗的比值)和能源经济效率(钢铁工业增加值与钢铁工业能耗的比值)均达到最大值,分别为1.53 t/t和2 976.65元/t. 基于我国钢铁系统的总物流分析结果进行了脱钩指标分析,结果显示,D_DEU(国内开采量的脱钩指数)为0.189,大于DMI(直接物质投入量)、TMR(总物质需求)及DPO(国内排放量)的脱钩指数(分别为0.115、0.084和0.061),即国内开采量的脱钩情况在该阶段达到最佳,这与我国铁矿石产量不足、钢铁生产更多依赖于进口资源密切相关. 最后提出了提高矿产资源综合利用率和重视废钢资源回收利用等相应的对策建议. 

Ecological Efficiency of Iron and Steel Industry in China Based on Bulk Material Flow Analysis

Steel outputs have grown rapidly in China in recent years, and it is necessary to research the ecological efficiency of the iron and steel industry at a large scale. Bulk material flow analysis for the iron and steel system in China was carried out, and the indicators for the iron and steel system were obtained. The ecological efficiency including resource efficiency, energy efficiency and decoupling indicators for the iron and steel industry in China from 1995-2011 were determined. The results show that the resource efficiency and resource economic efficiency reached their peak values in 2004:0.54 t steel/t ore and 827.66 yuan/t ore respectively. The energy efficiency and energy economic efficiency reached their peak values in 2011:1.53 t steel/tce and 2976.65 yuan/tce, respectively. Based on the results of bulk material flow analysis for the iron and steel system of China, decoupling analysis was further carried out according to the decoupling indicators. The results suggest that the value of decoupling indicator for domestic extraction was 0.189, which is larger than those of direct materials input (0.115), total materials requirement (0.084) and domestic processed output (0.061). The decoupling indicator of domestic extraction showed a higher value during the period due to the shortage of domestic iron ore output and the dependence on imported resources. In conclusion, it is recommended to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of mineral resources and enhance the utilization of scrap steel.