中国环评制度的独特运行机制探讨

对比了国内外环境影响评价制度的运行机制发现,发达国家环评制度的有效实施依赖于污染追责制度,而我国环评制度对污染追责制度的依赖性较小,形成了独立发挥作用的运行机制. 我国环评制度的缺陷体现在:①缺乏解决信息成本问题的有效途径；②部门权力边界限制了环境管理的激励约束能力. 据此,建议我国环评制度从2个方向加以改进,一方面完善污染追责制度,建立环评制度对污染追责制度的依赖关系；另一方面,延续过去环评制度的改进方向,继续独立于污染追责制度之外,使环评制度独立、有效地针对项目主体发挥激励和约束作用. 

Comparative Politics Analysis of the Unique EIA Mechanisms in China

The mechanisms for Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA) in China were compared with those in developed countries.It was found that in developed countries,effective implementation of EIA depends on the institution with responsibility over pollution.However,in China,the EIA mechanism does not rely on the pollution responsibility institution as much as that in developed countries.Rather,the EIA mechanism is operated independently.The EIA mechanisms in China have theoretical shortcomings as follows:(1) there is a lack of effective ways to obtain information;(2) departmental authority boundaries restrict environmental management incentives and ability.Therefore,the EIA institutions in China should be improved from two perspectives: 1) to improve the pollution responsibility institution and establish the dependence of the EIA institution on the pollution responsibility institution;2) to continue the existing EIA mechanism improvement by keeping the EIA institution independent of the pollution responsibility institution,then independently and effectively applying the incentive and restraint functions on the project subject.