我国海滩垃圾污染现状及控制对策

为明晰我国各海域的海滩垃圾污染状况及垃圾主要来源,在我国各海区选择24个代表性采样点,共86个调查样方,对我国各海域的海滩垃圾的种类、来源进行了详细调查和重点区域的跟踪调查.结果表明:我国海滩垃圾平均个数为1.03 m-2,其中塑料类最多(占37.37%),其次为泡沫类(占35.67%)；总密度为15.91 g/m2,塑料类密度(3.62 g/m2)最大,其次为织物(布)类(2.87 g/m2)和木制品类(1.97 g/m2)；主要来源是生活垃圾和旅游垃圾,分别占垃圾总量的39.26%和25.23%；对照国际国内相关调查资料,我国海洋垃圾的污染呈逐渐恶化的趋势,总体形势不容乐观.针对我国海洋垃圾的污染控制,提出应通过进一步海洋垃圾污染调查工作,从制订污染防治监督管理办法、编制污染防治专项规划等方面入手理清各部门管理权责；同时以政府为主导,联合公众、企业、NGO(非政府组织)等多方力量,建立海洋垃圾回收资源化示范点,开展海洋垃圾宣传、清理和海滩清扫活动等控制对策. 

Investigation and Control of Beach Litter Pollution in China

The objective of the present study was to analyze the pollution status and main sources of beach litter in China. An overall investigation on beach litter pollution was conducted in the Chinese sea area from 2012 to 2013. During the investigation period, 24 sampling points and 86 quadrats were selected to investigate the types and sources of beach litter. The investigation results showed that: (1) the average amount of beach litter was 1.03 m-2, in which the major types included plastic(37.37%) and foam(35.67%) litter；(2) the average weight of beach litter was 15.91 g/m2, in which the major types were plastic(3.62 g/m2), fabric(2.87 g/m2) and wood(1.97 g/m2) litter；(3) the major sources of beach litter included household garbage(39.26%) and travel rubbish(25.23%). It showed a deteriorating trend of marine litter pollution in China, compared with relevant international and domestic investigation data. A series of measurements should be considered including: (1) formulating supervision and management measures and special planning of pollution control, based on particular investigation, to clarify the management authority and responsibility of relevant departments； (2) establishingmarine garbage recycling and utilization demonstration site, and promoting marine garbage pollution control propaganda and beach cleaning activities, with the support of government, companies, communities and NGOs, etc.