上海市主要饮用水源地水重金属健康风险初步评价

对上海市主要饮用水源地(黄浦江上游地区和陈行水库)水中重金属含量进行了调查研究,并应用水环境健康风险评价模型对其进行健康风险的初步评价.结果表明,黄浦江上游和陈行水库由致癌物质Cr,As,Cd通过饮水途径引起的个人年健康风险平均值分别表现为Cr>As>Cd和As>Cr>Cd,风险值为10-7~10-5 a-1,Cr和As的风险值高于部分机构推荐的最大可接受风险水平(1×10-6 a-1),而低于国际放射防护委员会(ICRP)和美国环境保护署(US EPA)的推荐值(5×10-5和1×10-4 a-1),成为上海市饮用水源地主要的致癌因子;黄浦江上游和陈行水库由非致癌物质Pb,Cu,Zn,Hg导致的个人年健康风险平均值分别表现为Pb>Cu>Zn>Hg和Hg>Cu>Pb>Zn,风险值为10-12~10-10 a-1.各采样点重金属类致癌物质的风险值明显高于非致癌物质. 

Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Drinking Water Sources in Shanghai,China

The concentrations of Cr, As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Hg in the main drinking water sources of Shanghai (the upper-reach areas of the Huangpu River and Chenghang Reservoir) were studied. Health risks associated with these heavy metals in drinking water were assessed primarily by health risk assessment models. The results indicated that among the health risks caused by carcinogens in drinking water, the ranking of the average health risks in the upper-reach areas of the Huangpu River was Cr>As>Cd, while in the Chenghang Reservoir the ranking was As>Cr>Cd, and the risk levels ranged from 10^-7 to 10^-5. The risk values of Cr and As were higher than the maximum allowance levels recommended by some organizations and researchers (1×10^{-6 a-1}), but were lower than the maximum allowance levels recommended by ICRP (5×10^-5a-1) and by US EPA (1×10^{-4 a-1}). Therefore, Cr and As were regarded as the main carcinogenic elements in drinking water sources of Shanghai. Among the non-carcinogenic risks in drinking water, the ranking of theaverage health risks in the upper-reach areas of the Huangpu River and Chenghang Reservoir were Pb>Cu>Zn>Hg and Hg>Cu>Pb>Zn, respectively, and the risk levels ranged from 10^-12 to 10^-10. The health risks caused by the carcinogens were significantly higher than the non-carcinogenic risks in the drinking water.