环境健康风险评价中我国居民呼吸速率暴露参数研究

呼吸速率是人体暴露和健康风险评价中的关键性暴露参数之一，然而迄今为止鲜见我国进行的系统调查研究和分析总结，以及公开发布能够代表我国居民的呼吸速率参数的报道，而通常是以引用美国发布的参数为主，导致评价结果的误差并增加了不确定性. 采用呼吸速率的能量估算方法，根据我国2004年大规模的膳食能量调查数据，计算了各类人群的呼吸速率参数. 结果表明:我国男、女性居民长期暴露的呼吸速率为4.7～13.9 m3/d；20～45岁男、女性居民轻、中、重3种活动强度下的呼吸速率为13.5～16.7 m3/d；2～5和6～17岁的城市居民呼吸速率分别比农村居民高15.8%和12.4%，而18～45和45岁以上的农村居民的呼吸速率分别比城市居民高3.9%和7.6%，城市和农村居民的呼吸速率存在差异；各年龄段长期暴露的日均呼吸速率是静息通气量的1.1～1.3倍，与相关文献的报道相符；如果直接引用美国的呼吸速率参数，将会造成2.6%～30.9%的误差. 

Research on Inhalation Rate Exposure Factors of Chinese Residents in Environmental Health Risk Assessment

Inhalation rate is a key parameter of human exposure and health risk assessment.Theinhalation rate has not been studied systemically in China, and the representative inhalation rate has not been reported. For health risk assessment studies inChina, the American human exposure parameters are applied widely, which might result in error and uncertainty. According to investigated data of Chinese large-capacity dietary energy intake in recent years and the energy of inhalation rateestimation method, calculations of inhalation rate exposure parameters of Chinese people were performed for this paper. The results showed that the long-term exposure daily inhalation rates of Chinese male and female residents were in the range from 4.7 to 13.9 m³/d; the inhalation rates of 20-45 year-old male and female residents under three types of activities (mild, moderate and severe intensity) were in the range from 13.5 to 16.7 m³/d; the inhalation rates of 2-5 year-old and 6-17 year-old urban residents were 15.8% and 12.4% higher than the corresponding values of rural residents, respectively; and, the inhalation rates of 18-45 year-old and older than 45 year-old rural residents were 3.9% and 7.6% higher than the corresponding values of urban residents. There were some differences between the urban and rural residents'' inhalation rate values. In each age range, the daily average inhalation rates of long-term exposure were 1.1-1.3 times the values of resting ventilation volume, in accordance with the literature reports. Citing the American inhalation rate factor will result in 2.6%-30.9% error.