生物活性炭工艺深度处理丹江口水库水的中试

活性炭过滤是饮用水深度处理的重要工艺,其中滤速、炭层高度、温度和炭龄是影响活性炭滤池运行效果的关键因素. 以丹江口水库水为处理对象,以混凝-沉淀-砂滤出水作为炭滤池进水,以高锰酸盐指数和UV₂₅₄去除率为评价指标,考察2011年4月—2013年5月取自北京某水厂的新炭、1年炭、3年炭和5年炭(2011年5月时炭龄)对水中有机物的去除效果. 结果表明,随着滤速的增大,有机物去除率降低；活性炭炭柱滤速为8 m/h时,高锰酸盐指数和UV₂₅₄去除率分别为41.9%和41.2%,能够获得较好的处理效果. UV₂₅₄去除率随总炭层高度的增大而增大. 随着炭层高度的增加,单位高度活性炭滤料对UV₂₅₄的去除率降低.夏季高温期,1年炭对高锰酸盐指数和UV₂₅₄的去除率分别为44.2%~57.4%和38.5%~53.1%,高于其在冬季低温期的去除率(38.9%~51.1%和31.7%~45.5%). 活性炭在使用初期,主要依靠吸附作用去除有机物；随着使用年限的增长,活性炭的生物载体作用日益明显,生物作用占主导地位,炭龄对有机物去除效果的影响变小,不同炭龄活性炭的处理效果差异不大,可适当延长活性炭的使用年限,降低处理成本. 

Pilot-Scale Study on Advanced Treatment of Danjiangkou Reservoir Water by Biological Activated Carbon Process

With economic development, pollution of surface water has become more and more serious. In addition, the requirements for drinking water quality have become more stringent after the “Standards for Drinking Water Quality” (GB/T 5749-2006) were implemented. In order to remove organic pollutants, biological activated carbon was employed as an important process in drinking water treatment. The filtration rate, carbon media height, temperature and carbon agearethe key factors affecting the treatment effect of the carbon filter.With Danjiangkou Reservoir water used as raw water, coagulation, sedimentation and sand filtration were employed as the influent of the carbon filter, and the effects of new-carbon, 1-year-carbon, 3-year-carbon and 5-year-carbon (the carbon age in May 2011) taken from a waterworks in Beijing were investigated based on the permanganate index and UV₂₅₄ removal efficiencies during the period between April 2011 and May 2013. The results showed that with the increase of filtration rate, the removal efficiency of organic matter decreased. When the filtration rate was 8 m/h, the removal efficiencies of permanganate index and UV₂₅₄ reached 41.9% and 41.2%, respectively. With the deepening of the media depth of the carbon filter, the total UV₂₅₄ removal efficiency increased, but the removal amount by each millimeter of carbon was reduced. In summer, with high temperature, and with the help of the 1-year-carbon in the carbon filter, the permanganate index and UV₂₅₄ removal efficiencies were 44.2%-57.4% and 38.5%-53.1%, respectively, higher than those in winter (38.9%-51.1% and 31.7%-45.5%, respectively). At the beginning of the usage of the activated carbon, the organic matters were mainly removed through adsorption. Since the carbon was used longer, the biodegradation became the dominant effect, and the influence of the carbon age was smaller. Therefore, the life cycle of the biological activated carbon can be extended appropriately for cost saving.