多溴联苯醚和新型阻燃剂暴露与儿童肾损伤研究

为加强对多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)和新型阻燃剂(NFRs)环境健康风险的认识，开展PBDEs和NFRs暴露与儿童肾损伤研究. 选择电子垃圾拆解区儿童(暴露组，57例)和对照区儿童(对照组，57例)，开展问卷调查和血、尿样采集，检测血中PBDEs、NFRs、铅、脂肪、尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)、尿酸(UA)浓度，尿中镉、镍、β₂微球蛋白(β₂-MG)、N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶浓度. 采用T检验比较两组儿童污染物暴露水平差异，协方差分析比较两组儿童肾功能指标差异，线性回归分析污染物暴露水平和肾功能指标的关联，广义相加模型分析不同污染物对肾功能指标影响的两两交互作用. 结果表明:①暴露组儿童PBDEs和NFRs内暴露浓度(中值分别为230和340 ng/g lipid)显著高于对照组儿童(中值分别为110和160 ng/g lipid)，PBDEss浓度与NFRs浓度呈显著相关. ② PBDEs、NFRs浓度与肾功能指标β₂-MG浓度呈显著正相关、与BUN、SCr浓度呈显著负相关. PBDEs与金属的交互作用对β₂-MG和UA浓度存在显著影响. ③ PBDEs和NFRs暴露导致暴露组β₂-MG浓度显著高于对照组、BUN和SCr浓度显著低于对照组，增加暴露组儿童肾损伤的风险. 研究显示，较高的PBDEs和NFRs暴露浓度增加了电子垃圾拆解区儿童肾损伤风险. 

Renal Damage of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and New Flame Retardantsin in Children

In order to understand the health risks of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and new flame retardants (NFRs) to kidneys, a study on the damage of PBDEs and NFRs to children′s kidneys was conducted. Children in an e-waste dismantling area (exposed group, 57 participants) and the control area (control group, 57 participants) were selected, a questionnaire survey was conducted and blood and urine samples were collected. The concentrations of PBDEs, NFRs, lead, lipids, urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), uric acid (UA) in blood, as well as cadmium, nickel, β₂-microglobulin (β₂-MG), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosidase in urine samples were analyzed. The T-test was used to compare the differences of exposure levels of the groups of pollutants. An analysis of covariance was used to compare the differences in renal function indexes between the two groups. Linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between exposure levels of pollutants and renal function indexes. The generalized additive model was adopted to analyze the interactive effects of the two pollutants on renal function indexes. The results showed that: (1) The exposure levels of PBDEs and NFRs in the exposed group (median, 230 and 340 ng/g lipid) were significantly higher than those in the control group (110 and 160 ng/g lipid). The levels of PBDEs were significantly correlated with those of NFRs. (2) The levels of PBDEs and NFRs were positively correlated with β₂-MG, while negatively correlated with BUN and SCr. The interactive effects of PBDEs with metals were significantly related to the levels of β₂-MG and UA. (3) Under the induction of exposure to PBDEs and NFRs, the concentration of β₂-MG was significantly higher in the exposed group than that in the control group, while the concentrations of BUN and SCr were significantly lower in the exposed group than those in the control group, which increased the risks of renal damage of children in the exposed group. This study indicates that high exposure levels of PBDEs and NFRs increase the risk of renal damage in children in e-waste dismantling areas.