我国北方典型地区居民呼吸暴露参数研究

呼吸暴露参数是准确估算人体对污染物的暴露剂量和健康风险评估的重要参数之一，而我国目前对于该项工作的调查研究较少.采用问卷调查的方式对我国北方典型地区——太原的2 860名受试者进行了时间-活动模式的研究，结合人体能量估算模型，计算出适合该地区居民的呼吸速率参数，并与国内外情况进行对比分析.结果表明:该地区居民室内日平均活动时间为16.1～18.4 h；不同性别、不同年龄组的城市和农村居民从事各种强度活动的时间有很大差异；同时得出，该市城市居民长期暴露的呼吸速率参数为10.72～14.53 m3/d，农村居民为15.61～22.59 m3/d.与我国相关文献数据和美国环境保护署(US EPA)的数据相比，如果直接引用US EPA的数据，将会给健康风险带来30%～50%的偏差. 

Inhalation Exposure Factors of Residents in a Typical Region in Northern China

Inhalation exposure factors are key parameters in accurately estimating human exposure dose to pollutants and health risk assessment.However,few such investigations have been conducted in China.A questionnaire survey was used to study time-activity patterns of 2860 participants from Taiyuan,a typical region in northern China.Respiration rate parameters suitable for residents of this region were calculated using a combined body energy estimation model,and compared with those both from China and international.The results showed that:the daily average indoor activity time of Taiyuan residents was 16.1-18.4 hours;there were great differences in the time engaged in various intensities of activities among different sexes,age groups,and between urban and rural residents;the long-term exposure inhalation rate parameters for Taiyuan urban residents was 10.72-14.53 m³/day, and the rate parameters for Taiyuan residents was 15.61-22.59 m³/day,respectively.As compared with the data from related literature in China and US EPA,the future health risk deviation will be 30%-50%.