红枫湖饮用水水源地的工业企业环境风险评价

为降低饮用水水源地的工业企业突发环境事件发生的频率、提高环境风险管理的效率,在工业企业环境风险特征分析及Seveso Ⅲ指令的基础上,构建了基于危险物质泄漏、污染物排放及迁移、风险管理与控制能力的工业企业环境风险评价指标体系,并建立了风险评价方法. 以贵阳市红枫湖流域为例,按其水文特征划分为5个区域,对流域工业企业及各区域进行了风险评价. 结果表明:红枫湖流域81家工业企业中有55家风险企业,占企业总数的67.9%,整体风险水平较高；风险级别为重大、较大、一般和较低的企业分别有10、14、20和11家；风险较高的企业多为化工、印染、医药、造纸、冶金和煤矿类企业；羊昌河、麦翁河、麻线河、后六河流域及湖区周边区域的风险指数分别为16.09、7.01、3.77、0、1.07,羊昌河和麦翁河流域分别属于较高风险、一般风险区域,而其他区域的风险较低. 风险评价结果与红枫湖流域内工业企业的污染特点及位置分布较吻合,据此提出红枫湖流域实施环境风险分级管理的建议. 

Environmental Risk Assessment of Industrial Enterprises in Drinking Water Sources of Hongfeng Lake

Recently environmental protection work pays much attention to protection of drinking water sources and drinking water safety in China. However, the pollution of drinking water sources caused by abrupt environment affairs of industrial enterprises has become particularly serious. In order to reduce the frequency of abrupt environment affairs for the drinking water sources, the efficiency of environmental risk management should be improved. On the basis of the environmental risk characteristics analysis of industrial enterprises and Seveso Ⅲ directive model, the environmental risk assessment index system including hazardous substances, pollutant emissions and migration, risk management and control capacity were established. Meanwhile, the corresponding risk assessment method was also created. The risk assessment method was applied for drinking water sources in Hongfeng Lake of Guiyang City. The study area was selected in the Hongfeng Lake watershed, which was divided into five sub-regions based on its hydrological characteristics. The results showed that among 81industrial enterprises, 55enterprises were venture enterprises with the proportion of 67.9%. The high-risk enterprises were mainly chemical, printing and dyeing, medical, papermaking, metallurgical, and coal mining enterprises. The number of venture enterprises belonging to highest, higher, high and low risk levels were 10,4, 20and 11, respectively. The regional environment risk indices of Yangchang River, Maiweng River, Maxian River, Houliu River catchment and the area around lake were 16.09,7.01,3.77,0and 1.07, respectively. The risk of Yangchang River catchment was the highest, while that of Maiweng River catchment in the middle, and those of other areas were at low levels. The risk assessment results were consistent with the characters and distribution of venture enterprises. Based on the risk assessment results, the key enterprises and areas of the risk management were confirmed, and the advice of carrying out the risk classification management according to different risk levels was proposed.