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减污降碳协同多元共治体系需求及构建探析
引用本文:王涵,马军,陈民,张真,丁杉杉,王淑兰,阳平坚.减污降碳协同多元共治体系需求及构建探析[J].环境科学研究,2022,35(4):936-944.
作者姓名:王涵  马军  陈民  张真  丁杉杉  王淑兰  阳平坚
作者单位:1.中国环境科学研究院环境管理研究中心,北京 100012
基金项目:中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(No.2021YSKY-01)~~;
摘    要:碳达峰、碳中和目标的提出标志着我国生态环境保护进入减污降碳协同治理新阶段,减污降碳协同增效成为促进经济社会发展全面低碳绿色转型的重要抓手. 面对经济社会高质量发展、空气质量改善与碳达峰、碳中和的多目标需求,仅依靠命令控制型手段为主的大气污染物治理措施将不足以实现减污降碳协同目标. 结果表明:构建“政府-科研机构-市场-社会组织”多元共治模式,通过命令控制与非命令控制的协同实现治理方式转变,从而提高减污降碳协同治理水平. 在顶层设计层面,综合考虑城市经济发展水平、空气污染程度及各行业污染控制措施的不同,因地制宜的制定差异化减污降碳政策;在科学研究方面,开展学科融合、部门协作的减污降碳协同治理科技研究,解决减污降碳协同增效措施评估以及科技数据、资源共享和研究成果落地等问题;在市场方面,将自愿减排交易和更多高排放行业配额交易纳入碳排放交易市场,加强与排污权、用能权、绿色电力等环境权益交易之间的协同,强化市场手段的减污降碳协同增效;在治理机制和手段方面,充分发挥社会组织纽带作用,利用数字化信息系统构建第三方环境信用平台,促进政府、企业、金融机构和公众等关键利益方形成有效沟通和良性互动. 研究表明,“政府-科研机构-市场-社会组织”多元共治模式能有效构建减污降碳协同增效的多元共治体系,充分发挥政府、科研机构、市场与社会组织的作用,解决碳达峰、碳中和目标下的减污降碳协同治理新需求. 

关 键 词:减污降碳    多元共治    非命令控制    数字化信息系统
收稿时间:2021-09-13

Analysis of Needs and Construction of Coordinated Multi-Governance System for Pollution Reduction and Carbon Reduction
WANG Han,MA Jun,CHEN Min,ZHANG Zhen,DING Shanshan,WANG Shulan,YANG Pingjian.Analysis of Needs and Construction of Coordinated Multi-Governance System for Pollution Reduction and Carbon Reduction[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2022,35(4):936-944.
Authors:WANG Han  MA Jun  CHEN Min  ZHANG Zhen  DING Shanshan  WANG Shulan  YANG Pingjian
Institution:1.Research Center for Environmental Management, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China2.Insititue of Public and Environment, Beijing 100600, China3.School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100086, China
Abstract:The proposal of peak carbon dioxide emission and carbon neutrality targets marks that China's ecological environmental protection has entered a new stage of coordinated governance of pollution and carbon reduction. Promoting the coordinated governance of pollution and carbon reduction has become an important starting point to promote the overall green and low-carbon transformation of economic and social development. Facing the multi-objective needs of high-quality development, air quality improvement, carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, air quality measures based on command-and-control method will not be sufficient to achieve the coordinated goals of reducing pollution and carbon. In this paper, a new multi-stakeholder governance model of ‘government-research institution-market-social organization’ was proposed to realize the governance transformation through the integration of command-and-control and non-command-and-control means. At the top-level design, considering the differences in urban economic development, air pollution and pollution control measures of various industries, pollution and carbon reduction policies should be formulated according to local conditions. In terms of scientific research, carrying out collaborative research on pollution and carbon reduction with discipline integration and departmental cooperation to satisfy the needs of evaluation on pollution and carbon reduction measures, environmental data, resource sharing and implementation of research outcomes. In terms of marketization, bringing voluntary emission reduction transactions and more quota transactions in high emission industries into the carbon emission trading market, synergizing environmental rights transactions such as emission rights, energy use rights and green power, strengthening the pollution and carbon reduction through market tools. In terms of governance mechanisms, giving full play to the role of social organizations, using digital information systems to build a third-party environmental credit platform, promoting communication and interaction among key stakeholders such as government, enterprises, financial institutions and the public. Our study shows that the proposed model can effectively build a multi-stakeholder governance system, synergize government, research institutions, market and social organizations into a unified platform, and solve the new demand of pollution and carbon collaborative reduction. 
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