河南省某典型垃圾焚烧发电厂的VOCs排放特征

为评估河南省生活垃圾焚烧发电厂排放的挥发性有机物(VOCs)对臭氧生成的贡献，选取某典型企业进行调研. 采用气袋、苏玛罐和吸附管进行采样，通过气质联用(GC/MS)和高效液质(HPLC/MS)联用分析方法对117种VOCs物种排放水平进行监测，并计算本地化VOCs排放因子. 采用最大增量反应活性(MIR)法计算臭氧生成潜势(OFP)，并识别OFP贡献率较大的物种. 结果表明:①主排放口实测的VOCs总浓度为4.28 mg/m3，VOCs排放量为3.5 t/a，计算的VOCs排放因子为0.016 g/kg (以垃圾计，下同). ②MIR系数法计算的有组织OFP总排放量为9.3 t/a，对应的MIR系数平均值为2.67. ③排放量占比较大的VOCs组分依次为芳香烃(38.37%)、卤代烃(28.79%)、含氧化合物(14.32%)和烷烃(12.75%). 对OFP贡献率较大的VOCs组分为芳香烃(53.91%)和含氧化合物(28.16%)，OFP贡献率排名前5位的VOCs物种分别为乙醛(20.5%)、间/对-二甲苯(20.2%)、正丁烯(6.2%)、1，2，4-三甲苯(5.4%)和正丁醛(4.9%). ④固废间、锅炉房、锅炉房外、渗滤液泵房及房顶采样点测得的VOCs无组织排放总浓度分别为83.6、6.19、1.24、5.71、1.79 mg/m3. 研究显示，该垃圾焚烧发电厂固废间VOCs浓度较高，需要进一步提高车间内VOCs收集率，以减少无组织VOCs排放，同时可在主排放口安装合适的VOCs去除装置以进一步削减VOCs有组织排放量. 

VOCs Emission Characteristics of a Typical Domestic Waste Incineration Power Plant in Henan Province,China

Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from a domestic waste incineration power plant in Henan Province, China were characterized to evaluate its contribution to ozone generation. VOCs samples were collected via air bags, Summa canisters and adsorption tubes. The concentrations of 117 VOCs species were analyzed by GC-MS & HPLC-MS to calculate VOCs emission factors. The maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) method was used to calculate the ozone formation potential (OFP) and to identify the components that contribute significantly to OFP. The results show that: (1) The VOCs concentration at the stack was 4.28 mg/m3, corresponding to a total VOCs emission of 3.5 t/a and a localized emission factor of 0.016 g/kg domestic waste. (2) The estimated OFP amount and the average MIR coefficient were calculated to be 9.3 t/a and 2.67, respectively. (3) The mass fractions of main VOC groups such as aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, oxygenated volatile organic compounds and alkanes were 38.37%, 28.79%, 14.32% and 12.75%, respectively. Whereas the major VOC groups of OFP contribution were aromatic hydrocarbons (53.91%) and oxygenated volatile organic compounds (28.16%). The top five species of OFP contributions were acetaldehyde (20.5%), m(p)-xylene (20.2%), n-butene (6.2%), 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (5.4%), and n-butyraldehyde (4.9%). (4) The VOCs concentrations in the solid waste workshop, boiler workshop and landfill leachate pump workshop were 83.6, 6.19, and 5.71 mg/m3, respectively. The concentrations outside the boiler workshop and landfill leachate pump workshop were 1.24 and 1.79 mg/m3, respectively. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the collection of local VOCs emissions inside all the workshops due to their high VOCs concentrations to further reduce the unorganized VOCs emissions. Moreover, more advanced VOCs control device should be installed to further reduce VOCs emissions from the stack.