美国人为源VOCs管控经验及其对我国的启示

“十四五”期间加强对PM_2.5和臭氧(O₃)共同前体物VOCs的有效管控，对于我国持续改善环境空气质量非常关键，但目前人为源VOCs管控仍然是我国大气环境管理中的短板，我国亟待构建有效的人为源VOCs管控机制. 美国自20世纪50年代开始关注人为源VOCs管控，历经70多年取得了较为明显的成效. 学习借鉴美国人为源VOCs管控经验将有利于推动我国人为源VOCs的管控. 本文全面梳理了美国人为源VOCs的管控历程，总结其成效与经验，结合对我国自2000年以来人为源VOCs的管控状况与所存在不足的分析，提出“十四五”期间我国人为源VOCs管控建议. 研究发现，美国在人为源VOCs管控中，通过逐渐厘清VOCs的定义、认清VOCs与O₃、PM_2.5污染间的联系，逐步推进VOCs管控工作，逐渐形成了集科学认识、技术支撑、政策支持与公众参与为一体的有效的VOCs管控体系，因而在人为源VOCs排放量降低及有毒有害污染物、O₃、PM_2.5浓度降低方面取得了较为显著的成效. 目前我国人为源VOCs管控在管控框架、基础支撑、制度保障等方面均存在不足，为有效推进我国“十四五”期间人为源VOCs的管控，建议加强以下工作:①优化管控体系；②提升基础能力；③完善制度保障；④促进创新发展；⑤调动公众参与. 

Processes and Experience of Anthropogenic VOCs Management and Control in the USA and Enlightenment to China

Effective control of atmospheric VOCs, a common precursor of PM_2.5 and O₃, is crucial to the continuous improvement of ambient air quality in China during the ‘14th Five-Year Plan’ period. However, the current management and control of anthropogenic VOCs is relatively weak in China, it is urgent to establish an effective control mechanism for anthropogenic VOCs in China. The USA began to pay attention to the control of anthropogenic VOCs in the 1950s, and has made significant achievements in the past 70 years. Learning from the experience of the USA, in the control of anthropogenic VOCs will be beneficial to promote the control of anthropogenic VOCs in China. This study comprehensively reviews the control processes of anthropogenic VOCs and summarizes the effectiveness and experience of anthropogenic VOCs control in the USA, and proposes recommendations for the control of anthropogenic VOCs in China during the ‘14th Five-Year Plan’ period based on the analysis of the control status and shortcomings of anthropogenic VOCs in China since 2000. The study found that by gradually clarifying the definition of VOCs, recognizing the link between VOCs and O₃ pollution and the connection between VOCs and PM_2.5 pollution, and progressively promoting VOCs control, an effective VOCs control system integrating scientific understanding, technical support, policy support and public participation has been developed in the USA, resulting in remarkable accomplishments in reducing VOCs emissions from anthropogenic sources, and reducing toxic and hazardous pollutants, O₃ and PM_2.5 concentrations. At present, there are deficiencies in the control of anthropogenic VOCs in China in the following areas, such as the control framework, basic support and institutional protection. In order to effectively promote the control of anthropogenic VOCs in China during the ‘14th Five-Year Plan’ period, it is recommended that the following work be strengthened: building a control system, improving basic capabilities, improving system guarantee, promoting innovation and development, and mobilizing public participation.