基于遥感的SDG 15.1.2生物多样性指标计算与分析:以长三角生态绿色一体化发展示范区为例

生物多样性评价为生物多样性保护提供重要的参考价值，联合国可持续发展目标(SDGs)中15.1.2指标对此提出了具体要求. 本研究借助遥感技术，以长三角生态绿色一体化发展示范区(简称“示范区”)为研究区，选取物种多样性层次、生态系统多样性层次和景观多样性层次的7个指标(生境质量指数、增强型植被指数、水网密度指数、生境面积百分比、辛普森多样性指数、景观分离度指数、蔓延度指数)构建生物多样性评价指标体系，实现了对研究区生物多样性的量化计算及生物多样性评估. 结果表明:①研究区生物多样性指数平均值为0.42，生物多样性高等级区域面积为526.65 km2，占研究区陆地面积的27.38%；研究区共28个乡镇，其中生物多样性高等级区域占乡镇陆地面积比例大于50%的乡镇有两个，分别是青浦区的华新镇和香花桥街道. ②探究了土地利用方式和城市不透水面占比对生物多样性的影响，生物多样性受人类活动干扰较为严重，不透水面占比与高等级生物多样性占比呈负相关，在植被稀少的城市和工业区域生物多样性等级较低. 研究显示，SDG 15.1.2指标区域得分为27.38分，距离实现2030年生物多样性可持续目标还面临一定的挑战；同时，该研究旨在构建县级区域生物多样性现状的评价指标体系，从而为SDGs指标本地化提供理论参考. 

Calculation and Analysis of SDG 15.1.2 Biodiversity Index Based on Remote Sensing:A Case Study of Demonstration Zone of Green and Integrated Ecological Development of the Yangtze River Delta

Biodiversity assessment provides important reference value for biodiversity conservation, which is specified in Chapter 15.1.2 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). With the help of remote sensing technology, this study takes the Demonstration Zone of Green and Integrated Ecological Development of the Yangtze River Delta (abbreviation: demonstration area) as the study area, selects 7 indicators at the level of species diversity, system diversity and landscape diversity (habitat quality index, enhanced vegetation index, water net density index, habitat area percentage, simpson diversity index, landscape separation index, sprawl index) to build up the evaluation index system and then carry out quantitative calculation and evaluation of biodiversity in the study area. The results show that: (1) The average value of biodiversity index within the study area was 0.42, and the area with high-level biodiversity was 526.65 km2, accounting for 27.38% of the whole land surface. Among the 28 townships in the study area, there were two townships with an area of high-level biodiversity exceeding half land area, namely Xianghuaqiao Street and Huaxin Town of Qingpu District. (2) Further, the impact of land use and urban impervious surface on biodiversity shows that the biodiversity is seriously disturbed by human activities; the proportion of impervious surface is negatively correlated with the proportion of high-level biodiversity; and the biodiversity level is low in cities and industrial areas with sparse vegetation. This study shows that the regional score on SDG 15.1.2 indicator is 27.38, indicating that achieving the 2030 biodiversity sustainability goal is still challenging. At the same time, the purpose of this study is to construct an evaluation index system of local situation of biodiversity at county level, and to offer a theoretical reference for the localization of SDGs indexes.