近10年来我国污染场地再利用的案例分析与环境管理意义

及时掌握污染场地修复过程中所关注污染物和修复后再利用土地类型信息对深化建设用地环境管理具有重要意义. 本文基于文献调研和信息公示平台资料查询等途径获取了我国537个污染场地案例信息数据，分析了我国近10年来污染场地修复与再利用的变化情况. 统计分析结果表明:我国537个污染场地中约有66%集中在北京市、上海市、浙江省、江苏省和重庆市等先行地区；从2016年《土壤污染防治行动计划》颁布实施开始，场地修复管控数量增势凸显，2018年污染场地修复管控数量达到峰值；原用地类型归属化学工业、金属制品、冶炼等行业的比例较大，且重金属、苯系物为主的再利用挥发性有机物、多环芳烃类为主的半挥发性有机物和总石油烃是典型污染物；在GB 36600—2018《土壤环境质量 建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》实施前后，包含苯系物、多环芳烃类和总石油烃等污染物的出现频次增加趋势最为明显，而有机农药类和多氯联苯(总量)的出现频次有所减少；污染场地用途大部分是敏感用地类型中的居住用地，且这类场地的原行业类型为化学工业、金属制品等特征污染物危害较大的行业. 研究显示，利好政策和标准的颁布与实施促进了我国经济欠发达地区污染场地的修复管控工作，以多环芳烃类为主的半挥发性有机物是我国未来场地土壤环境治理工作的重点，需要进一步提升对再利用类型为敏感用地类型场地的关注. 

Case Analysis and Environmental Management Significance of Contaminated Site Reuse in China from 2011 to 2021

It is of great significance to timely grasp the information of concerned pollutants and reused land types after restoration in the process of contaminated site restoration for deepening the environmental management of construction land. In this study, 537 cases of contaminated sites in China were obtained through literature research and data query of the information disclosure platform, and the changes in remediation and reuse of contaminated sites in the past 10 years were analyzed. The statistical analysis results show that about 66% of the contaminated sites were concentrated in pioneering areas such as Beijing City, Shanghai City, Zhejiang Province, Jiangsu Province and Chongqing City. Since the promulgation and implementation of the Action Plan for Soil Pollution Prevention and Control in 2016, the number of contaminated sites has increased significantly. In 2018, the number reached a peak. Chemical industry, metal production, smelting and other industries accounted for a large proportion of the original land types. Heavy metals, benzene series mainly volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons based semi-volatile organic compounds and total petroleum hydrocarbons were typical pollutants in various industries. Before and after the implementation of Soil Environmental Quality Construction Land Soil Pollution Risk Control Standards (Trial) (GB 36600-2018), the pollution occurrence frequency of benzene series, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and total petroleum hydrocarbons increased obviously, while the occurrence frequency of organic pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (total) decreased. The redevelopment and utilization of contaminated sites are mostly residential land in sensitive land types, and the original industry types of such sites are chemical industry, metal products and other industries with more harmful pollutants. The results show that the promulgation and implementation of favorable policies and standards have promoted the remediation and control of contaminated sites in economically underdeveloped areas of China. Semi-volatile organic compounds, mainly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), will be the focus of soil remediation in the future. At the same time, the environmental sensitivity of redevelopment of contaminated sites still needs more attention.