美国超级基金制度及其污染场地环境管理

美国超级基金制度是世界上最具代表性的污染场地管理制度，是多数国家建立土壤污染管理制度的范本.超级基金制度对于解决美国的污染场地问题具有不可替代的作用，同时使工业界认识到，他们必须对曾经污染的场地承担责任.从美国超级基金制度建立的起因、基金经费来源与使用，污染场地的污染源、污染介质类型及场地管理程序与策略等方面，对该制度及其场地管理办法进行介绍.分析了超级基金目前所面临的问题:经费缺乏日趋严重、场地的修复耗时过长、缺乏评价超级基金实施效果的全面指标.通过分析超级基金制度的成功与不足，探讨其对我国污染场地管理的重要借鉴意义. 

Critical Review of Superfund Act and Environmental Management of Superfund Sites

The US Superfund Act is a representative law for contaminated sites management in the world, which is a prototype for law establishment of many other countries managing contaminated sites . The Superfund Act is an essential legal tool 〖JP2〗for contaminated sites management in USA, and it makes industrial enterprises recognize that it is their responsibility to clean up the hazardous waste site they left. A summary introduction to the origin and creation of Superfund program, the Superfund monetary resources and expenses, the Superfund site types and characteristics, and the Superfund sites management policy was presented. The problemsSuperfund facing are: financial constraints, too long time for each remediation, and indicators lack of to fully measure the outcomes of the program. The success and challenges faced by Superfund program were discussed, which is intended to be used for reference to the legislation and management of contaminated sites in China.