基于GIS的港口总体规划景观生态学分析

以营口港为例,基于GIS的港口总体规划景观结构分析,结合景观生态学指数,分析了港口地区景观结构在规划实施前后的特征及其变化,并探讨了港区景观结构变化对海岸带生态过程可能产生的影响.结果显示,营口港规划的实施将不会从根本上改变当地海岸带生态系统的景观特性,但仍可能产生一定的影响,主要表现为人工类型斑块面积及其所占比例将有较大幅度的增长,人工类型斑块的破碎度指数略有下降,其分布将更趋于一体化.研究还表明,在GIS的支持下,进行港口总体规划的景观结构分析完全可行,有助于分析港口建设所可能产生的景观生态学效应,值得进一步研究和探讨.

Analysis of Landscape Structure of Port Master Plan Based on GIS

The implementation of port master plan may cause the significant impacts on the landscape structure of coastal area. The analysis of landscape structure based on GIS will provide important reference on landscape ecology for port plan and construction, and is helpful to the understanding of the relationship between landscape structure and human activities. This paper, taking the Yingkou Port as an example, the landscape structure of the port master plan based on GIS was studied and the characteristics and their changes of landscape structure between the pre-program and post-program with landscape ecological indexes analyzed. Besides, at the port area, the potential impacts of landscape pattern change on the ecological processes of the coastal ecosystem were discussed. The results indicate that the implementation of programming on Yingkou Port will not change the characteristics of regional landscape structure radically, but may result in slight impacts, mainly in big increase of human patch area and the ratio of it to the total area. The index of fragmentation degree of human patches will decrease slightly, and their distribution has the trend of integration. Furthermore, it is completely feasible to apply GIS-based landscape structure analysis to port programming assessment, helpful to analyze the landscape ecological impacts of port construction, and is worthy for further studies.