港口机械排放清单估算方法改进及应用

为识别港口机械作业特征及污染物排放情况，在对珠三角港口实地调研基础上，提出了基于单位作业量油耗的分作业方式、分机械类型的精细化港口机械排放清单估算方法，并对该方法油耗估算值与港口油耗统计值、其他估算方法油耗值之间的差异进行对比分析，以验证其可靠性与适用性，最后利用该方法建立了珠三角2014年港口机械排放清单.结果表明:对于珠三角本地港口，该方法油耗估算值与统计值无明显差异（相对误差为-5.9%~6.8%）；对于其他研究区域港口，油耗估算值、统计值与其他估算方法估算值的差异均在合理范围（-35.8%~53.8%和-17.5%~2.6%）内，表明该方法具有较好的可靠性与适用性.清单结果显示，2014年珠三角港口机械排放的SO₂、NO_x、CO、PM₁₀、PM_2.5和HC分别为633.6、4610.6、3391.2、226.9、216.0和728.8 t.其中，集装箱码头是最主要的港口机械使用场所，集装箱专用机械和水平运输机械是主要贡献机械类型.通过清单的横向对比和不确定性分析，表明该研究所建立的清单具有一定的合理性.该研究建立的清单估算方法在较大程度上弥补了现阶段我国在港口机械保有量和油耗数据统计方面的不足，为完善港口城市排放源清单建立、污染减排评估及空气质量管理等方面提供了方法参考. 

An Improved Method for Building an Emission Inventory for Cargo Handling Equipment and Its Application

In order to identify the characteristics of machinery operation and pollutant emissions, a new emission estimation method for port machinery was developed by conducting field study of ports in the Pearl River Delta(PRD) region.The new method based on the fuel consumption rate of port operation modes and types of machines was validated by comparing the fuel consumption estimated with the statistical fuel consumption in ports and other methods.The results showed that the estimated fuel consumption agreed with the statistics well in the PRD region, with slight relative error of -5.9%-6.8%.For those in other areas, the relative errors of fuel consumption were also in a reasonable range, being -35.8%-53.8% and -17.5%-2.6%.A cargo handling equipment emission inventory in the PRD region for the year 2014 was developed using the new method.The results showed that the total emissions of SO₂, NO_x, CO, PM₁₀, PM_2.5 and HC were 633.6, 4610.6, 3391.2, 226.9, 216.0 and 728.8 t, respectively.Compared with bulk terminals, container terminals had a higher contribution.In the container terminals, container cranes and yard tractors were the main contributors.Through comparison and uncertainty analysis, the emission inventory in the PRD region developed in this study was proved to be reasonable.The method established in this study effectively makes up the deficiency of machinery holdings and fuel consumption rates obtained from incomplete statistical data.It provides a reliable alternative for emission inventory development, pollutant reduction assessment and air quality management.