工业废水污染治理途径与技术研究发展需求

根据工业废水的特点，构建科学合理的废水处理模式，不断完善和发展废水处理技术及水质安全评价与管理技术是水环境污染防治领域的重要课题. 在分析工业废水特点和阐述废水污染治理基本策略与途径的基础上，重点介绍了工业废水处理特性评价、工艺优选方法、水质安全管理等方面的研究进展，并探讨了废水污染治理思路和技术的发展方向. 指出工业废水污染治理应实现以下5个方面的转变和发展，即处理模式从不同种类废水混合收集集中处理向分类收集分别处理优先转变；研究开发从重视废水处理单一技术研发向同时重视废水处理技术集成与处理工艺优化方法研究转变；水质有机污染评价从重视综合浓度指标向同时关注和重视“有机物特征指标”转变；废水排放控制指标从重视常规指标向同时关注和重视水质安全和综合生物毒性指标转变；工艺设计理念从“处理工艺”向“生产工艺”转变. 

Basic Strategies and Technology Requirements for Industrial Wastewater Pollution Control

Development of advanced strategies and approaches, new treatment technologies and water quality safety evaluation and management methods for industrial wastewater are important issues in the field of water environment pollution prevention. Based on analysis of the characteristics of industrial wastewater, the basic strategies and approaches for industrial wastewater pollution control, recent research concerning industrial wastewater treatability evaluation methods, treatment process selection methods and concept of water quality safety management are introduced, and the future needs for methodology and technology development for industrial wastewater pollution control are discussed. The following five aspects of change and development should be achieved in the field of industrial wastewater pollution control: the mode of centralized treatment after combining different kinds of wastewater should be changed to individual treatments based on categorized collections; research concerning wastewater treatment technologies should not only focus on the development of single technologies, but also on the integration of treatment technologies and the optimization of treatment processes; in addition to quantitative integrated indexes such as chemical oxygen demand (COD_Cr) concentration, “characteristic indexes” such as chemical and bio-impact characteristics of organic pollutants in wastewater should be taken into consideration for water quality evaluation and treatment process optimization; wastewater controlling indexes for discharge standards should include not only conventional water quality indexes but also indexes concerning water quality safety and bio-toxicity; and, the design concept of wastewater pollution control processes should be transformed from “design as treatment processes” into “design as production processes”.