演马矿煤矸石堆周围环境中重金属分布特征

以焦作市演马矿煤矸石堆为对象，检测分析其周围土壤、地下水和植物中的重金属含量，并结合当地的地形地貌、土壤性质和地下水动力条件，研究煤矸石堆放与环境污染之间的联系. 根据地形地貌、地下水流向和风向，在演马矿煤矸石堆周围布置土壤、地下水和植物采样点，检测分析pH和重金属(如Pb，Mn，Zn，Cu，Cr和Cd)含量及分布规律. 结果表明:煤矸石堆放是造成周围环境污染的重要因素，煤矸石释放的重金属大部分被土壤所吸附，所检测的6种重金属在土壤中均被检出，其中部分点位的Zn和Cd含量已经超过土壤环境质量标准(GB15618-1995)中的二级标准；土壤中重金属可以进一步向地下水和植物传递，地下水中Mn含量与煤矸石堆的距离呈负相关，植物叶中Pb的含量最高，叶和茎中重金属含量表现出与煤矸石堆的相关性；矿坑排水、锅炉房飘尘也是造成周围环境重金属污染的重要来源. 

Heavy Metal Concentrations Distribution around the Coal Gangue Pile of Yanma Mine

Heavy metal concentrations were measured in soil, groundwater and plants around the coal gangue pile of Yanma Mine, Jiaozuo City. According to the local topography, property of soil and hydrodynamic condition of groundwater, research on therelation between the coal gangue pile and environmental pollution was conducted, which is scientific foundation for heavy metal pollution control of the mine area. The sampling sites of soil, groundwater and plants were arranged around thecoal gangue pile of Yanma Mine, and the distributions of pH and heavy metals (such as Pb, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr and Cd) were measured. The results show as follows: the piling-up of coal gangue is an important source of environmental pollution, and most heavy metals from coal gangue are absorbed by soil. All of the measured heavy metals in soil are above detection limits. Moreover, some concentrations of Zn and Cd have exceeded the secondary standard of Standard of Soil Environmental Quality (GB15618-1995). Heavy metals can migrate from soil to groundwater and plants. There is negative correlation between the concentrations of Mn andthe distances between the coal gangue pile and the sample sites. The concentrations of Pb in leaves are larger than that in stems and seeds, and there is correlation between the concentrations of heavy metal in leaves and stems and the coal gangue pile. Mine drainage water and boiler dusts are also important sources of heavy metal pollution around the coal gangue pile.