黑臭水净化菌株的筛选及其水质改善能力

生活污水的过度排放引起的水体黑臭是一个亟待解决的环境问题.为建立黑臭水的微生物净化方法，从不同重污染水体或底泥中筛选获得了多种光合细菌，分析发现其中10种光合细菌(P1～P10)及其混合菌(Pm)对黑臭指标有改善效果.黑臭水厌氧光照净化试验结果表明，菌液投加量为1.0%，3 d后光合细菌P1，P2，P3，P4，P8，P9和Pm对人工黑臭水COD_Cr，NH₃-N，S2-，色阈值及臭阈值去除率分别为75.00%～ 82.00%，24.20%～27.97%，72.03%～87.89%，58.90%～69.08%和75.29%～87.89%，其中P9的效果最好.黑臭水兼性厌氧光照净化试验结果表明，菌液投加量为1.0%，3 d后光合细菌P2，P3，P4，P8，P9和Pm对人工黑臭水中的COD_Cr，NH₃-N，S2-，色阈值及臭阈值去除率分别为60.67%～79.92%，35.92%～40.16%，72.03%～82.93%，58.25%～66.55%和75.29%～85.09%，　ρ(DO)由0.54 mg/L增至1.80～2.63 mg/L，其中P2和P9的效果最好.经鉴定P9为沼泽红假单胞菌.研究发现，在菌液投加量为0.1%，30 ℃，厌氧光照条件下P9可明显改善水的黑臭指标. 

Screening of Microorganisms for Treatment of Black and Odorous Water and Study on Their Water Quality Improvement Ability

The treatment of black and odorous water bodies caused by excessive discharge of domestic sewage is an urgent issue.In order to establish a treatment method by using specific and efficient microorganisms,ten species of photosynthetic bacteria named P1-P10,which showed ability of ameliorating the water quality of black and odorous water,were isolated from different polluted sediments or sewage.Three day testing under anaerobic and light conditions showed that the removal rates of COD_Cr,NH_3-N,S2-,odor threshold and color threshold by P1,P2,P3,P4,P8,P9,Pm(mixture of P1-P10) was 75.00%-82.00%,24.20%-27.97%,72.03%-87.89%,58.90%-69.08% and 75.29%-87.89% respectively,with inoculation amount of 1.0%.In this test,P9 was the most efficient microorganism.When the same test was conducted under facultative anaerobic and light conditions,the removal rates of COD_(Cr),NH_(3-)N,S~(2-),odor threshold and color threshold by P2,P3,P4,P8,P9,Pm was 60.67%-79.92%,35.92%-40.16%,72.03%-82.93%,58.25%-66.55% and 75.29%-85.09% respectively,with inoculation amount of 1.0%,while dissolved oxygen concentration increased from 0.54 mg/L to 1.80-2.63 mg/L in water.In the above test,P2 and P9 were the most efficient ones.P9 was identified as Rhodopseudomona palustris. The optimal treatment condition for P9 was under 30 ℃,anaerobic,light,and inoculation amount of 0.1% of black and odorous water.