碳交易背景下天津市电力行业碳排放强度与基准线

电力行业是我国碳排放权交易体系中的重要参与行业，开展区域电力行业碳排放强度分析与基准线设置研究，不仅有利于区域因地制宜地开展行业碳减排工作，同时对全国统一碳市场的建立尤其是电力行业配额分配方案的确定具有重要参考价值.基于天津市2014年15家主要发电企业的32台发电机组数据，在核算分析天津市电力行业碳排放强度的基础上，设置实际排放情景、现行标准先进值情景及综合减排情景等3组基准线情景，并展开对天津市电力行业碳减排的适用性分析.研究表明:①在数据和统计基础较好、产品单一的行业采用基准法进行配额分配，有利于碳市场资源的公平、合理配置，可有效促进区域电力行业低碳发展；②2014年天津市电力行业碳排放强度为822.9 g/（kW·h），燃煤发电与燃气发电碳排放强度分别为824.4与502.0 g/（kW·h）；③发电碳排放强度可反应出单台机组的能耗和管理水平，燃煤发电方式下，采用压力参数高、机组容量大的机组发电更有利于降低区域碳强度；④综合减排情景既考虑了本地区电力行业碳排放水平，同时参考了其他省市基准线设定，对部分类型机组数量较少、代表性不足的地区适用性更强，该情景对地区电力行业低碳水平要求最为严格，虽然为企业减排带来一定压力，但更有利于区域行业减排，且对于排放强度较高的较小容量机组能够起到更强的激励作用. 

Carbon Intensity and Benchmarking Analysis of Power Industry in Tianjin under the Context of Cap-and-Trade

Power industry is one of the key participants in the cap-and-trade system of China. The research of regional carbon intensity and benchmarking of power industry conduces to proposing measures for regional carbon emissions reduction and meanwhile has great reference value for constructing the cap-and-trade system of China, especially for allowance allocation. By adopting data from 15 major power plants with 32 generator units in Tianjin City, we firstly calculated and analyzed the regional carbon intensity of power industry and then designed three scenarios for carbon emissions benchmarking along with an analysis of applicability for Tianjin City, which are actual emissions scenario, advanced value of current standards scenario and comprehensive emissions reduction scenario. The study shows: (1) In the industries with solid database and single product, adopting benchmarking method in allowance allocation is propitious to the rational distribution of carbon markets resources, hence promoting the low-carbon development of regional power industry. (2) The carbon intensity of Tianjin''s power industry is 822.9 g/(kW·h) in 2014 and the intensity for coal-fired power and gas-fired power are 824.4 and 502.0 g/(kW·h) respectively. (3) Carbon intensity of electricity generation reflects the level of energy consumption and management of specific units. Coal-fired power units with high pressure and capacity conduce to the reduction of regional carbon emission from power industry. (4) Comprehensive emission reduction scenario is suitable for regions lacking local units, which is set under the consideration of both local carbon emission level and the benchmarking of other pilot provinces. As the toughest sets of benchmarking, the scenario might bring more pressure on the power companies, but the incentive effect for regional reduction is non-negligible, especially for companies running low capacity units with relatively high intensity.