危险废物环境风险防控关键问题与对策

国家高度重视生态文明建设和环境保护工作，固体废物尤其是危险废物的风险防控是加强生态文明建设和改善环境质量的关键.我国当前危险废物环境风险防控面临的形势主要是产生量大且持续增加、污染事故频发和环境风险凸显、利用处置短板明显以及综合利用风险防控明显不足；面临该严峻形势的关键原因，包括管理制度顶层设计不够完善、风险防控基础研究薄弱、环评的作用未充分发挥和管理支撑体系不够完善.针对面临严峻形势的关键问题，建议从4个方面加强危险废物风险防控:①加强危险废物减量化、资源化和无害化的协同，强化产生者主体责任；②强化危险废物环境影响评价监管的事前、事中和事后监管机制；③建立《国家危险废物管理名录》，统一协调危险废物的污染防治和利用处置管理；④完善危险废物管理标准规范体系，提高监管能力和建设全过程信息化监管系统. 

Key Issues and Countermeasures on Environmental Risk Prevention and Control of Hazardous Wastes

Risk prevention and control for solid waste, especially for hazardous waste, is a key issue to strengthen ecological civilization construction and improve environmental quality. The current situation of risk prevention and control of hazardous waste in China was summarized. It included the large production volume and which continuous increase, frequently occurrence of pollution accidents, the use or disposition of short board was obvious, and the comprehensive utilization of risk prevention and control is obviously insufficient. For the serious situation of risk prevention and control of hazardous waste and its formation reasons, such as the inadequate top-level design of the management system, the weak basic research on risk prevention and control and the imperfect role of management support system, some suggestions on improving the level of fine management of hazardous waste and strengthening the prevention and control of environmental risks were put forward, which mainly included four aspects:(1) Strengthen the synergistic effect of hazardous waste reduction, resource recovery and harmlessness. (2) Intensify the supervision on the environmental impact assessment of hazardous waste in advance, in the event and after the supervision mechanism. (3) Establish a list of national hazardous waste management to harmonize the prevention and control of hazardous wastes and the management of utilization and disposal. (4) Improve the standard system of hazardous waste management as well as supervision capacity and the whole process of the information supervision system.