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城市公园不同植被结构绿地削减空气颗粒物浓度研究
引用本文:邱玲,刘芳,张祥,高天.城市公园不同植被结构绿地削减空气颗粒物浓度研究[J].环境科学研究,2018,31(10):1685-1694.
作者姓名:邱玲  刘芳  张祥  高天
作者单位:西北农林科技大学风景园林艺术学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(No.31500582,31600580);引进人才科研启动费项目(No.Z111021501)
摘    要:随着城市化和工业化进程的加快,空气颗粒物污染成为城市最为严峻的环境问题之一.依据植被的横向结构、竖向结构及植被类型3个因子对宝鸡市公园绿地进行划分,并选取11种不同植被结构的绿地,在分析地点、时间、风速、温度、相对湿度、绿地面积等环境因子对绿地内空气中ρ(PM2.5)和ρ(PM10)"本底效应"影响的基础上,探究不同植被结构绿地对空气颗粒物质量浓度削减作用的差异.结果表明:①在不同监测地点和监测时段内,ρ(PM2.5)和ρ(PM10)有极显著差异,植物养护管理程度较高的城市公园绿地对空气颗粒物质量浓度削减作用较为明显,一天中空气颗粒物质量浓度呈现出早晚高、中午低的变化趋势;②风速、温度、相对湿度对ρ(PM2.5)和ρ(PM10)有极显著影响,在晴朗、无风或微风天气条件下,ρ(PM2.5)和ρ(PM10)随风速的增大、温度的减小、相对湿度的增大而增大,且ρ(PM10)变化范围大于ρ(PM2.5);③1 hm2以下绿地面积的变化对ρ(PM2.5)和ρ(PM10)无显著影响;④不同植被结构绿地内ρ(PM2.5)无显著差异,但ρ(PM10)有极显著差异,其中开敞式以灌木为主的绿地中ρ(PM10)最低,多层闭合式阔叶林中ρ(PM10)最高,其余9种植被结构绿地削减作用居中且相近.研究显示,不同植被结构的城市公园绿地对ρ(PM2.5)和ρ(PM10)的削减作用存在一定的差异且受多种环境因素的共同制约,可为优化城市绿地植被结构进而有效改善空气质量提供依据. 

关 键 词:PM2.5    PM10    气象因素    绿地面积    宝鸡市
收稿时间:2017/12/10 0:00:00
修稿时间:2018/8/6 0:00:00

Reducing Effect of Air Particulate Matter Concentration by Green Spaces with Different Vegetation Structure in City Parks
QIU Ling,LIU Fang,ZHANG Xiang and GAO Tian.Reducing Effect of Air Particulate Matter Concentration by Green Spaces with Different Vegetation Structure in City Parks[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2018,31(10):1685-1694.
Authors:QIU Ling  LIU Fang  ZHANG Xiang and GAO Tian
Institution:College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
Abstract:With the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization, air particulate pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems. Green spaces in Baoji city parks were classified into different types on the basis of vegetation structural parameters, i.e. horizontal structure, vertical structure and vegetation type. Eleven types of green spaces with different structures were selected to investigate the relationship between air particulate matter (PM) concentration and green spaces with different vegetation structures, based on the 'matrix effect' of environmental factors, i.e. location, time, wind velocity, temperature, relative humidity and area. The results showed:(1) In different monitoring locations and time periods, the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were significantly different. The air pollution was drastically reduced in city parks with a higher degree of plant maintenance and management. The concentration levels of airborne particulates were high in the morning and evening and low at noon. (2) Wind velocity, temperature and relative humidity had highly significant effects on the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 as well. In sunny, non-windy or breezy weather conditions, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations increased with the wind velocity and relative humidity and decreased with the temperature. Furthermore, the range of PM10 concentration was greater than the range of PM2.5 concentration. (3) The fluctuation in area for green spaces under 1 hm2 had no significant influence on the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10. (4) There was no significant difference in the reduction of PM2.5 concentration between different structural green spaces, but there was a highly significant difference in the reduction of PM10 concentration. The concentration of PM10 was lowest in shrub dominated open green spaces and highest in multi-layered closed broadleaved forests, while the other 9 structural green spaces placed in the middle without significant differences. The research showed that there were certain differences constrained by various environmental factors in the reduction effect of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations among urban green spaces with different vegetation structures, which can provide a basis for optimizing the vegetation structure of urban green spaces to effectively improve air quality. 
Keywords:PM2  5  PM10  meteorological factors  green space area  Baoji City
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