中国酸雨研究现状

中国酸雨区是继欧洲和北美之后的世界三大酸雨区之一,迫切需要科学有效的酸雨污染控制对策和措施,而及时总结酸雨研究现状是科学控制酸雨的重要基础.综述了近年来中国酸雨的研究发展历程、空间分布特征、成因和控制对策的研究结果.结果表明:中国降水化学组成仍属硫酸型,但正在向硫酸-硝酸混合型转变;南方酸雨区范围无明显变化,北方酸雨区继续扩展;强酸雨区范围为1994年以来最大,但酸度有所减弱;总体来看,与过去几年相比,2008年全国酸雨形势有所恶化.最后对酸雨成因和控制对策进行了概述.

Research Progress of Acid Precipitation in China

The acid rain area in China is one of the three main acid areas in the world, along with Europe and North America. Scientific controlling countermeasures for acid rain are very necessary in China, and timely summarizing of the research progress on acid rain is an important knowledge base for acid rain pollution control. This article provides an overview of most of the recent acid rain investigations in China, including the distribution pattern characteristics, reasons and control strategies concerned with precipitation in China, and the results for precipitation. The major conclusions are as follows: acid rain pollution in China is still sulfur type with a trend to sulfuric-nitrous mixed type; the acid rain area in Southern China has had no obvious change, while that in Northern China is growing; the heavy acid rain area is the largest since 1994, but the acidity is weakened to some degree; overall, in comparison with previous years, the acid rain situation in 2008 has deteriorated. In addition, the causes and control strategies are discussed.