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尾砂库溃坝对大环江沉积物中重金属的影响
引用本文:伏凤艳,宋 波,钟雪梅,韦树燕,黄 戈.尾砂库溃坝对大环江沉积物中重金属的影响[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(1):31-39.
作者姓名:伏凤艳  宋 波  钟雪梅  韦树燕  黄 戈
作者单位:桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院;桂林理工大学地球科学学院
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(41161056);广西“八桂学者”建设工程专项;广西自然科学基金重大项目(2013GXNSFEA053002)
摘    要:为研究2001年特大洪水导致的北山铅锌矿尾砂库溃坝对大环江沉积物中重金属含量的影响及其潜在的生态风险,沿大环江自北向南设置了21个样点,共采集沉积物样品77个;分别采用SQG(沉积物质量基准)、PLC(污染负荷指数)和Hankson潜在生态风险指数法,对尾砂库下方大环江沉积物表层及剖面中As、Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn 5种重金属进行了分析和评价.结果表明:大环江沉积物剖面p H平均值在2.09~7.51之间,其中38.1%的采样点土壤p H低于环江县背景值上限;表层(0~25 cm)沉积物中w(As)、w(Pb)、w(Cd)、w(Cu)和w(Zn)的平均值分别是环江谷地土壤平均值的3.2、20.0、59.2、2.1、17.0倍.沉积物剖面的重金属质量分数分布主要有自上而下先降后升或先升后降2类规律,w(As)与w(Pb)、w(Cu),w(Pb)与w(Cu)、w(Zn),w(Cd)与w(Zn)均呈显著相关.根据SQG法评估结果,大环江沉积物剖面首层(0~22 cm)w(As)、w(Pb)、w(Cd)和w(Zn)已对水域生物产生严重影响;大环江流域的PLI为2.57,属于极强污染;以环江县土壤背景值为参比值的Hankson潜在生态风险指数分析结果显示,大环江表层沉积物呈现强~极强的生态风险,5种重金属的污染程度为CdPbAsZnCu.尾砂库溃坝导致大环江沉积物中重金属质量分数陡然升高且难以恢复.

关 键 词:大环江  尾砂库溃坝  沉积物  重金属  风险评价
收稿时间:2014/3/5 0:00:00
修稿时间:2014/7/30 0:00:00

Effects and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediments of Dahuanjiang River Since Tailing Dam Break
FU Fengyan,SONG Bo,ZHONG Xuemei,WEI Shuyan and HUANG Ge.Effects and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediments of Dahuanjiang River Since Tailing Dam Break[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2015,28(1):31-39.
Authors:FU Fengyan  SONG Bo  ZHONG Xuemei  WEI Shuyan and HUANG Ge
Institution:FU Fengyan;SONG Bo;ZHONG Xuemei;WEI Shuyan;HUANG Ge;Environmental Science and Engineering Institute,Guilin University of Technology;Earth Science Institute,Guilin University of Technology;
Abstract:Abstract: This research examined the metal contents in sediments and their potential eco-environmental impacts following the Beishan Pb-Zn mine''s tailing dam collapse due to a catastrophic flood in 2001 on the Dahuanjiang River. The accumulation characteristics of As, Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in 77 samples from 21 sites along the Dahuanjiang River from the north to the south were analyzed, and the current pollution status and environmental risks of five heavy metals were assessed by using sediment quality guidelines, pollution load index and potential ecological risk index. The results show that the mean pH value of sediment profiles were in the range of 2.09-7.51, and 38.1% of the samples had pH values lower than the upper limit of the Huanjiang background soil. The mean concentrations of As, Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in the sediment surfaces (0-25 cm) were 3.2,0.0,9.2,2.1 and 17.0 times higher than those of the Huanjiang valley, respectively. There were two main types of heavy metal distribution in the sediment profile. From top to bottom, one decreased first then increased or remained unchanged, while the other increased first then decreased or remained unchanged. In addition, significant correlations were found between As and Pb, As and Cu, Cd and Zn, Pb and Cu, and Pb and Zn. According to SQG, the contents of Pb, As, Cd, Zn and Cu in the sediment first layer (0-22 cm) have substantial negative effects on water organisms. Pollution load index of 2.57 indicated very strong heavy metal pollution in the Dahuanjiang River basin. Compared with the Huanjiang background soil, the sediments surface (0-25 cm) of the Dahuanjiang River showed a strong to very strong ecological risk, with the pollution levels of the five heavy metals in the order of Cd>Pb>As>Zn>Cu. The heavy metal contents in sediment of Dahuanjiang River increased sharply and were difficult to recover since the tailing dam break.
Keywords:Dahuanjiang River  tailing dam break  sediment  heavy metal  risk assessment
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